Bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine against omicron subvariants in immunocompromised patients

Solera, Javier T; Ierullo, Matthew; Arbol, Berta G; Mavandadnejad, Faranak; Kurtesi, Alexandra; Qi, Freda; Hu, Queenie; Gingras, Anne‐Claude; Ferreira, Victor H; Humar, Atul; Kumar, Deepali

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00357-2

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…We found that KTXRs did not gain su cient immunity against Omicron BA.5 with the third dose of vaccine, and the effect of bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine was also limited. Similar studies are reported only by comprehensive analysis in solid organ transplant recipients (kidney, liver, heart, lung, and multiple organs), not by a single cohort of KTXRs [19][20][21] . Therefore, antibody titers were increased after the third vaccination but were considerably lower than those in healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.5 after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients

Kawashiro,

Suzuki,

Nogimori

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Although the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has improved the mortality rate in the general population, its efficacy against rapidly mutating virus strains, especially in kidney transplant recipients, remains unclear. We examined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immunity against B.1.1, BA.1, and BA.5 antigens in 73 uninfected kidney recipients and 17 uninfected healthy controls who received three doses of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The IgG antibody titers were significantly lower in recipients than in healthy controls. Similarly, neutralizing antibody titers against three viral variants were significantly lower in recipients. When the virus was mutated, the neutralizing antibody titers decreased significantly in both groups. In cellular immunity analysis, the number of spike-specific CD8 + non-naïve T cells against three variants significantly decreased in recipients. Conversely, the frequency of spike-specific Th2 CD4 + T-cells in recipients was higher than that in healthy controls. Twenty recipients and seven healthy controls also received a bivalent omicron-containing booster vaccine, leading to increased IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in both groups. However, the increase was significantly lower in recipients. Recipients did not gain sufficient immunity with a third dose of vaccine, indicating a need to explore methods other than vaccines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.5 after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients

Kawashiro,

Suzuki,

Nogimori

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Multiple test-negative case–control studies in the US, Japan, Korea, Israel and Nordic countries have shown decreased rates of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 in those who received an original/Omicron vaccine relative to those who did not, with additional vaccine effectiveness ranging from 45 to 89%. The studies include different populations and different prior vaccine schedules [ 25 , 27 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cohort studies have shown increased neutralizing antibody responses to bivalent vaccines relative to boosters with the original vaccine brands against both the ancestral strain and SARS-CoV-2 variants [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Population-based studies using test-negative case–control designs have shown increased vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalization and symptomatic infection due to SARS-CoV-2 variants with bivalent booster dosing in multiple geographic settings [ 25 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

Walmsley,

Nabipoor,

Lovblom

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The initial two-dose vaccine series and subsequent booster vaccine doses have been effective in modulating SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and death but do not completely prevent infection. The correlates of infection despite vaccination continue to be under investigation. In this prospective decentralized study (n = 1286) comparing antibody responses in an older- (≥70 years) to a younger-aged cohort (aged 30–50 years), we explored the correlates of breakthrough infection in 983 eligible subjects. Participants self-reported data on initial vaccine series, subsequent booster doses and COVID-19 infections in an online portal and provided self-collected dried blood spots for antibody testing by ELISA. Multivariable survival analysis explored the correlates of breakthrough infection. An association between higher antibody levels and protection from breakthrough infection observed during the Delta and Omicron BA.1/2 waves of infection no longer existed during the Omicron BA.4/5 wave. The older-aged cohort was less likely to have a breakthrough infection at all time-points. Receipt of an original/Omicron vaccine and the presence of hybrid immunity were associated with protection of infection during the later Omicron BA.4/5 and XBB waves. We were unable to determine a threshold antibody to define protection from infection or to guide vaccine booster schedules.

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“…An additional factor is that T‐cell responses may form in the absence of antibody responses. We have also shown that in transplant recipients, T‐cell responses are more conserved across variants and that once T‐cells have reached a certain threshold, they may only marginally increase further with subsequent vaccine doses 7,8 …”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine: Sometimes life needs a boost

Lo,

Kumar

2023

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine against omicron subvariants in immunocompromised patients

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.5 after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients

Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.5 after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients

Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine: Sometimes life needs a boost

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