Bitterness in brussels sprouts (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> L. var. <i>gemmifera</i>): The role of glucosinolates and their breakdown products

Fenwick, G. R.; Griffiths, Nerys M.; Heaney, Robert K.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740340111

Cited by 139 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Low quantities of glucosinolates or their degradation products may give specific taste and flavour effects (Fenwick et al 1983) and benefit human health (Jongen, 1996). At higher dietary levels, they impair food intake and growth.…”

Section: Rapeseed: Milk Iodine: Sows: Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapeseed glucosinolates and iodine in sows affect the milk iodine concentration and the iodine status of piglets

Schöne¹,

Leiterer²,

Hartung³

et al. 2001

Br J Nutr

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I in the chain sow diet → blood serum of sow → sow milk → piglet serum was investigated in two experiments with a total of eighty-one sows and their piglets. In experiments conducted during the last trimester of gravidity and the 28 d of lactation, diets with glucosinolates (1.9 mmol/kg diet via 100 g ground rapeseed/kg diet (Expt 1) and 2.1 and 4.2 mmol/kg diet via 75 and 150 g rapeseed press cake/kg diet (Expt 2)) were compared with control groups without rapeseed products. From 0 to 600 μg I/kg was added to sow diets during lactation. Diets without supplementary I decreased the I concentration particularly in milk and piglet serum. The presence of rapeseed and rapeseed press cake were indicated by a thiocyanate concentration increase, mainly in sow serum. The diets with glucosinolates decreased the milk and piglet serum I concentration. Spot urine and faeces samples from sows eating the rapeseed-press cake diets had increased I concentration. The sows’ serum I and thyroxine did not respond to glucosinolates (Expt 1) or these diets caused an increase in concentration (Expt 2). Both these criteria seem unsuitable for the diagnosis of I status of adult animals. Glucosinolates and their degradation compounds may affect the thyroid and the mammary glands resulting in lower I milk transfer and higher renal and intestinal I excretion.

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Section: Rapeseed: Milk Iodine: Sows: Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapeseed glucosinolates and iodine in sows affect the milk iodine concentration and the iodine status of piglets

Schöne¹,

Leiterer²,

Hartung³

et al. 2001

Br J Nutr

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“…3.2.1.1). These degradation products include isothiocyanates, nitriles, thiocyanates and other minor products (Fenwick et al, 1983a(Fenwick et al, , 1983b) depending on the substrate, pH conditions, availability of ferrous ions, and the level and activity of specific protein factors such as the epithiospecifier protein (ESP) (Halkier and Du, 1997). GSLs, myrosinase and degradation products constitute a frequently-studied plant defense system that appears to deter generalist herbivores and pathogens (Chew, 1988;Renwick, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GSLs, myrosinase and degradation products constitute a frequently-studied plant defense system that appears to deter generalist herbivores and pathogens (Chew, 1988;Renwick, 2001). GSLs and their breakdown products are known to have important several biological activities including anti-carcinogenic, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial effects (Fenwick et al, 1983a(Fenwick et al, , 1983b. Variation of GSL composition and concentration in Brassica vegetables is caused by many factors: varieties, different plant organs and development stages, growing and environmental conditions, post-harvest storage and handling procedures (Jeffery et al, 2003;Vallejo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Glucosinolate Composition during Seedling and Growth Stages of Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis

Hong¹,

Kim²

2014

HST

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The objective of this study was to evaluate glucosinolate (GSL) profiles and variation of total and individual GSLs concentrations within seedling (0-14 days) and growth stages (0-15 weeks) of Korean Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Ten GSLs (progoitrin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin) were identified from Korean Chinese cabbage. In general, total GSL content significantly decreased during seedling (from 92.89 to 35.26 μmol･g -1 DW) and growth stages (from 74.11 to 1.97 μmol･g -1 DW). Gluconapin was the highest in seeds and in the germination period (73.1 μmol･g -1 DW) and declined gradually from 73 to 15% during seedling stages. The level of the major aliphatic GSLs, gluconapin and progoitrin, tended to decrease sharply, whereas levels of indolic GSLs (4-methoxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin) and aromatic GSLs (gluconasturtiin) were found to increase generally at the beginning of growth stages.

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“…The very low DM intake of A. cahirinus, resulting in significant loss of body mass when feeding on the mash diet, could be explained by the bitter taste of the mustard oil bomb, which serves as a deterrent (Fenwick et al, 1983a;Fenwick et al, 1983b;Garcia-Bailo et al, 2009). Indeed, taste is a valuable tool for estimating food quality, and bitter taste perception prevents animals from ingesting toxic compounds (Chandrashekar et al, 2000;Nelson et al, 2001;Mueller et al, 2005;Chandrashekar et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and behavioural effects of fruit toxins on seed-predating versus seed-dispersing congeneric rodents

Samuni-Blank

Izhaki

Dearing

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYFleshy, ripe fruits attract seed dispersers but also seed predators. Although many fruit consumers (legitimate seed dispersers as well as seed predators) are clearly exposed to plant secondary compounds (PSCs), their impact on the consumers' physiology and foraging behaviour has been largely overlooked. Here, we document the divergent behavioural and physiological responses to fruit consumption of three congeneric rodent species in the Middle East, representing both seed dispersers and seed predators. The fruit pulp of the desert plant Ochradenus baccatus contains high concentrations of glucosinolates (GLSs). These GLSs are hydrolyzed into active toxic compounds upon contact with the myrosinase enzyme released from seeds crushed during fruit consumption. Acomys russatus and A. cahirinus share a desert habitat. Acomys russatus acts as an O. baccatus seed predator, and A. cahirinus circumvents the activation of the GLSs by orally expelling vital seeds. We found that between the three species examined, A. russatus was physiologically most tolerant to whole fruit consumption and even A. minous, which is evolutionarily naïve to O. baccatus, exhibits greater tolerance to whole fruit consumption than A. cahirinus. However, like A. cahirinus, A. minous may also behaviourally avoid the activation of the GLSs by making a hole in the pulp and consuming only the seeds. Our findings demonstrate that seed predators have a higher physiological tolerance than seed dispersers when consuming fruits containing toxic PSCs. The findings also demonstrate the extreme ecological/evolutionary lability of this plant-animal symbiosis to shift from predation to mutualism and vice versa.

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Bitterness in brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera): The role of glucosinolates and their breakdown products

Cited by 139 publications

References 23 publications

Rapeseed glucosinolates and iodine in sows affect the milk iodine concentration and the iodine status of piglets

Rapeseed glucosinolates and iodine in sows affect the milk iodine concentration and the iodine status of piglets

Variation of Glucosinolate Composition during Seedling and Growth Stages of Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis

Physiological and behavioural effects of fruit toxins on seed-predating versus seed-dispersing congeneric rodents

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