Bitter Pit Control in Apples Cv. Braeburn Through Foliar Sprays of Different Calcium Sources

Yuri, José Antonio; Retamales, Jorge B.; Moggia, Claudia; Vásquez, J.L.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2002.594.58

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In addition, they observed that late Ca sprays were more effective to increase the concentration of fruit Ca than early sprays. Yuri et al (2002) found that subepidermal Ca levels in fruits at harvest explained only 53% of variability in external bitter pit incidence after four months of cold storage. For N, P, and K, Le Grange et al (1998) also did not find any effect of Ca sprays on apples fruits produced from a four-year-old 'Braeburn' orchard in South Africa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Beavers et al (1994) pressure infiltrated fruits of some apple cultivars using different Ca sources and obtained increases on firmness that was positively correlated with increases on Ca content in fruits, which differ from our findings. Yuri et al (2002) applied different Ca sources in a 'Braeburn' orchard in Chile and found no effect of sprays on weight, seed number, color, and TSS of fruits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Neilsen & Neilsen (2002) found that Ca sprays completely eliminated the occurrence of bitter pit in 'Braeburn', a cultivar recognized as sensitive to this disorder. In Chile, Yuri et al (2002) observed that control of internal and external occurrence of bitter pit in 'Braeburn' fruits by Ca sprays reached 92% and 82%, respectively. In South Africa, at least 12 sprays of Ca are recommended for this cultivar (Le Grange et al, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When Ca uptake from the soil is not sufficient to promote a desirable level in the fruits, sprays of Ca compounds is a supplemental strategy to improve its concentration in the fruit (Johnson & Dover, 2002) and thus fruit quality and storability (Van Goor, 1971;Hewett & Watkins, 1991;Siddiqui & Bangerth, 1995). Sprays of Ca normally prevent most physiological disorders (Neilsen & Neilsen, 2002;Yuri et al, 2002;Lötze & Theron, 2006), but the degree of success varies according to natural predisposition to the symptoms, growing season, cultivar, and environmental conditions. The increase of calcium in the fruits resulting from Ca sprays, however, is normally low (Neilsen & Neilsen, 2002) or even inexistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preharvest calcium sprays were not always needed to improve quality of 'gala' apples in Brazil

Ernani

Dias²,

Amarante

et al. 2008

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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-Calcium sprays have normally improved both the quality and the storage life of apples throughout the world because Ca helps to prevent many fruit disorders and that taken up from the soil does not often reach the fruit in adequate amounts. Since the efficacy of Ca sprays varies according to soil, apple cultivar, and weather conditions, this study was carried out from 1998 to 2004, in the Southern of Brazil, in order to assess the effect of Ca sprays on the quality and storability of 'Gala' fruits. The experiment was set up in an orchard planted in 1988, on a density of 1234 trees/ha. Treatments consisted of 0, 4, 8, and 12 annual sprays of 0.5% CaCl 2 regularly distributed 30 days after petal fall until one week before harvest. Fruits of the same size and maturity level were annually analyzed at harvest and after five months of conventional cold storage (-1 o C and 90-95% of RH). In five out of six seasons, fruits from all treatments were free of any physiological disorder, and Ca sprays had no effect on leaf composition and on any fruit attribute (soluble solids, titratable acidity, starch pattern index, flesh firmness, and concentrations of N, K, Ca and Mg). In the season of 2000/ 2001, however, when yield was 18 t ha -1 and fruits had an average weight of 175 g, the incidence of bitter pit plus lenticel blotch pit on stored fruits was 24% in the treatment with no calcium sprays and it decreased up to 2% in that with 12 sprays. Two seasons later, yield was also low (25 t ha -1 ) and fruits were large (168 g each), but they did not show any physiological disorder regardless of the number of Ca sprays. It seems that the incidence of Ca related disorders in 'Gala' apples grown on limed soils in Brazil with no excess of any nutrient only occurs on seasons with low crop yield, as a result of large fruits and a high leaf/fruit ratio, associated with some unknown environmental conditions. Index terms: Malus domestica, nutrition, bitter pit, lenticel blotch pit, calcium chloride. Frutos de mesmo tamanho e com mesmo nível de maturação foram analisados na colheita e após 5 meses de armazenamento em câmaras frigoríficas convencionais (-1 o C e 90-95% UR). Em cinco das seis safras, não houve incidência de distúrbios fisiológicos nos frutos em nenhum tratamento, e as pulverizações com Ca não afetaram a composição química das folhas e nenhum atributo dos frutos (sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, índice de iodo-amido, firmeza e concentração de N, K, Ca e Mg). Na safra de 2000/2001, entretanto, quando a produtividade foi baixa (18 t ha -1 ) e os frutos apresentavam um peso médio de 175 g, a incidência de "bitter pit" e a depressão lenticelar atingiram 24% das maçãs que não foram pulverizadas com Ca, tendo diminuído para 2% nas que receberam 12 pulverizações. Dois anos mais tarde, a produtividade foi novamente baixa (25 t ha -1 ), e os frutos foram grandes (168 g), mas não houve incidência de nenhum distúrbio fisiológico, independentemente do número de pulverizações com Ca. Verifica-se, portanto, que o aparecimento...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Preharvest calcium sprays were not always needed to improve quality of 'gala' apples in Brazil

Ernani

Dias²,

Amarante

et al. 2008

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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show abstract

“…Treatment of fruits using calcium sprays and dips has been shown to be help control symptom expression (Lotze and Theron 2006;Yuri et al 2002) and thus their application is now a widely used practice in commercial-scale orchards, however, their use does not entirely prevent the incidence of the disorder (Lotze et al 2008;Hewett and Watkins 1991). Smock and Neubert (1950) detailed a comparison of the differential susceptibilities of 25 apple varieties to bitter pit, and Lewis (1980) suggested that bitter pit susceptibility is expressed when fruit calcium content was low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and validation of a QTL influencing bitter pit symptoms in apple (Malus × domestica)

et al. 2015

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Bitter pit is one of the most economically-important physiological disorders affecting apple fruit production, causing soft discrete pitting of the cortical flesh of the apple fruits, which renders them unmarketable. The disorder is heritable, however the environment and cultural practices play a major role in expression of symptoms. Bitter pit has been shown to be controllable to a certain extent using calcium sprays and dips, however, their use does not entirely prevent the incidence of the disorder.Previously, bitter pit has been shown to be controlled by two dominant genes, and markers on linkage group 16 of the apple genome were identified that were significantly associated with the expression of bitter pit symptoms in a genome wide association study. In this investigation, we identified a major QTL for bitter pit defined by two microsatellite (SSR) markers. The association of the SSRs with the bitter pit locus, and their ability to predict severe symptom expression, was confirmed through screening of individuals with stable phenotypic expression from an additional mapping progeny. The data generated in this current study suggest a two gene model could account for the control of bitter pit symptom expression, however, only one of the loci was detectable, most likely due to dominance of alleles carried by both parents of the mapping progeny used. The SSR markers identified are costeffective, robust and multi-allelic and thus should prove useful for the identification of seedlings with resistance to bitter pit using marker assisted selection in apple breeding programs.

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Evaluating pre-harvest foliar calcium applications to increase fruit calcium and reduce bitter pit in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples

Lötze

Joubert

Theron

2008

Scientia Horticulturae

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Bitter Pit Control in Apples Cv. Braeburn Through Foliar Sprays of Different Calcium Sources

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Preharvest calcium sprays were not always needed to improve quality of 'gala' apples in Brazil

Preharvest calcium sprays were not always needed to improve quality of 'gala' apples in Brazil

Identification and validation of a QTL influencing bitter pit symptoms in apple (Malus × domestica)

Evaluating pre-harvest foliar calcium applications to increase fruit calcium and reduce bitter pit in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples

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