Bites by Tomodon dorsatus (serpentes, dipsadidae): Clinical and epidemiological study of 86 cases

Medeiros, Carlos Roberto de; Souza, Solange Nogueira de; Silva, Milene Cirino da; Ventura, Janaína de Souza; Piorelli, Roberta de Oliveira; Puorto, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.005

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although only a small number of NFFS were investigated, the studies suggest a 3FTx/SVMP dichotomy, with NFFS venoms being either 3FTx dominant or SVMP dominant. NFFS as a group are not generally considered dangerous, with bites to humans usually only presenting painful local inflammation, and rarely systemic effects (Weinstein and Keyler, 2009;Medeiros et al, 2019;Ineich et al, 2020;Castro et al, 2021). The few species that have caused human fatalities appear to all belong to the group containing predominately SVMP [e.g.…”

Section: Relationship Between Toxin Diversity and Protein Family Abun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Toxin Diversity and Abundance in Snake Venom Proteomes

2022

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Understanding snake venom proteomes is becoming increasingly important to understand snake venom biology, evolution and especially clinical effects of venoms and approaches to antivenom development. To explore the current state of snake venom proteomics and transcriptomics we investigated venom proteomic methods, associations between methodological and biological variability and the diversity and abundance of protein families. We reviewed available studies on snake venom proteomes from September 2017 to April 2021. This included 81 studies characterising venom proteomes of 79 snake species, providing data on relative toxin abundance for 70 species and toxin diversity (number of different toxins) for 37 species. Methodologies utilised in these studies were summarised and compared. Several comparative studies showed that preliminary decomplexation of crude venom by chromatography leads to increased protein identification, as does the use of transcriptomics. Combining different methodological strategies in venomic approaches appears to maximize proteome coverage. 48% of studies used the RP-HPLC →1D SDS-PAGE →in-gel trypsin digestion → ESI -LC-MS/MS pathway. Protein quantification by MS1-based spectral intensity was used twice as commonly as MS2-based spectral counting (33–15 studies). Total toxin diversity was 25–225 toxins/species, with a median of 48. The relative mean abundance of the four dominant protein families was for elapids; 3FTx–52%, PLA2–27%, SVMP–2.8%, and SVSP–0.1%, and for vipers: 3FTx–0.5%, PLA2–24%, SVMP–27%, and SVSP–12%. Viper venoms were compositionally more complex than elapid venoms in terms of number of protein families making up most of the venom, in contrast, elapid venoms were made up of fewer, but more toxin diverse, protein families. No relationship was observed between relative toxin diversity and abundance. For equivalent comparisons to be made between studies, there is a need to clarify the differences between methodological approaches and for acceptance of a standardised protein classification, nomenclature and reporting procedure. Correctly measuring and comparing toxin diversity and abundance is essential for understanding biological, clinical and evolutionary implications of snake venom composition.

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Section: Relationship Between Toxin Diversity and Protein Family Abun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Toxin Diversity and Abundance in Snake Venom Proteomes

2022

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“…Acute headache can be experienced to a variable extent (11.6-100%) after snake bite on a distant body part, making this a remote form of venom-mediated pain [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In these cases, descriptions of the headache are lacking in detail, varying from simply noting headache without further comment or mentioning it as intense or focal (e.g., frontal headache) [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. As a rule, with or without antivenom therapy, the acute headaches seem to resolve and generally are not the most remarkable issue facing envenomed patients [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Headachementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the maelstrom of this event, the cause and nature of the painful experience associated with envenomation may be as varied as the biochemical and proteomic composition of the venom [1][2][3] to which the bitten are exposed. Acute local pain [4,5] can spread systemically, experienced as headache [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], eye pain [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], chest pain [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], focal back pain [34,35], abdominal pain [5,33,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Mechanisms of Snake Venom Induced Pain: It’s All about Location, Location, Location

Nielsen

Wagner

2022

IJMS

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Pain—acute, chronic and debilitating—is the most feared neurotoxicity resulting from a survivable venomous snake bite. The purpose of this review is to present in a novel paradigm what we know about the molecular mechanisms responsible for pain after envenomation. Progressing from known pain modulating peptides and enzymes, to tissue level interactions with venom resulting in pain, to organ system level pain syndromes, to geographical level distribution of pain syndromes, the present work demonstrates that understanding the mechanisms responsible for pain is dependent on “location, location, location”. It is our hope that this work can serve to inspire the molecular and epidemiologic investigations needed to better understand the neurotoxic mechanisms responsible for these snake venom mediated diverse pain syndromes and ultimately lead to agent specific treatments beyond anti-venom alone.

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“…The search found numerous clinical studies from a range of different settings that have used a WBCT, including from Australia [30], India [31], Sri Lanka [32], Thailand [33,34], Myanmar [35][36][37][38], Nigeria [25], Brazil [39] and Papua New Guinea [40,41]. Further, the WBCT has been used to detect VICC caused by taxonomically diverse snakes, including true vipers such as Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) [12,31,[34][35][36][37][38][42][43][44][45], saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) [32], pit-vipers such as Bothrops jararaca [39,46], South-Asian hump nosed pit vipers (Hypnale hypnale, Hypnale zara, Hypnale nepa) [14,28,47], Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) [48] and green pit vipers (Trimeresurus albolabris and Trimeresurus macrops) [49,50], as well as Australasian elapids such as Western brown snake (Pseudonaja nuchalis) [30], mulga snake (Pseudechis autralis) [30], Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni) [40,41], Papuan black snake (Pseudechis papuanus) [51], some colubrids such as Philodryas olfersii [52] and Philodryas patagoniensis, and lamprophiids such as Mock viper (Tomodon dorsatus) [53].…”

Section: -Min Whole Blood Clotting Test and Its Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WBCT20 has been used as the sole assessment method of VICC in numerous clinical studies, including non-randomized controlled clinical trials [ 58 ], randomized comparative trials [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ], non-randomized comparative trials [ 29 , 65 ], observational studies [ 27 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 43 , 47 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ] and case series [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Types Of Bedside Coagulation Tests For Viccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bedside Coagulation Tests in Diagnosing Venom-Induced Consumption Coagulopathy in Snakebite

Wedasingha

Silva

2020

Toxins

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Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy is the most important systemic effect of snake envenoming. Coagulation tests are helpful to accurately and promptly diagnose venom-induced consumption coagulopathy and administer antivenom, which is the only specific treatment available. However, bedside clotting tests play a major role in diagnosing coagulopathy in low-income settings, where the majority of snakebites occur. We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE® from 1946 to 30 November 2019, looking for research articles describing clinical studies on bedside coagulation tests in snakebite patients. Out of 442 articles identified, 147 articles describing bedside clotting assays were included in the review. Three main bedside clotting tests were identified, namely the Lee–White clotting test, 20-min whole blood clotting time and venous clotting time. Although the original Lee–White clotting test has never been validated for snake envenoming, a recently validated version has been used in some South American countries. The 20-min whole blood clotting time test is the most commonly used test in a wide range of settings and for taxonomically diverse snake species. Venous clotting time is almost exclusively used in Thailand. Many validation studies have methodological limitations, including small sample size, lack of case-authentication, the inclusion of a heterogeneous mix of snakebites and inappropriate uses of gold standard tests. The observation times for bedside clotting tests were arbitrary, without proper scientific justification. Future research needs to focus on improving the existing 20-min whole blood clotting test, and also on looking for alternative bedside coagulation tests which are cheap, reliable and quicker.

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Bites by Tomodon dorsatus (serpentes, dipsadidae): Clinical and epidemiological study of 86 cases

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Investigating Toxin Diversity and Abundance in Snake Venom Proteomes

Investigating Toxin Diversity and Abundance in Snake Venom Proteomes

Review of the Mechanisms of Snake Venom Induced Pain: It’s All about Location, Location, Location

Bedside Coagulation Tests in Diagnosing Venom-Induced Consumption Coagulopathy in Snakebite

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