Bit Error Rate Performance of In-vivo Radio Channel Using Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation

Abstract

In this paper we present the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of equalizers using in-vivo channel response measured using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Including the use of a Bandwidth (BW) of 50 MHz in the simulations, the results are compared with multiple equalizers and it is shown that Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) equalizer outperformed the rest of the equalizers including linear equalizers Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive least sequence (RLS) and non-linear equalizer Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE). The BER performance using MLSE showed significant improvement by improving the BER and outperforming the linear equalizer from to and DFE from to at Eb/No = 14 dB for in vivo radio communication channel at ultra wideband (UWB) frequencies. Furthermore, the un-equalized and equalized channel frequency response spectrum is also part of this article which presents the overall improvement between the two spectrums.

A survey on state of the inter body radio communication channel: Performance and solutions

“…The equalization is also responsible for keeping track of changes in the channel, which necessitates periodic retraining and varying filter coefficients throughout data transmission based upon equalizer output. Unable to maintain a precise channel estimate, equalizers are ineffective 160 . Multicarrier modulation is another method for dealing with interference.…”

“…Unable to maintain a precise channel estimate, equalizers are ineffective. 160 Multicarrier modulation is another method for dealing with interference. Transmission bits are generated in parallel for each of the narrow sub-channels created within the transmission bandwidth.…”

“…183 The proposed adaptive MLSE starts with a channel estimation structure, which is performed by implementing the secure path in contact with each state. When modeling the impulse response of a channel using MLSE, it F I G U R E 21 Optimal MLSE applied on the in-vivo radio channel 160 is preferable to do so without considering the influence of decision interruption inherent in VA, which has the effect of increasing the memory length of VA. The efficiency of the suggested MLSE, as accepted by new outcomes, is the bit error rate (BER).…”

“…Performance of BER of various equalizers for the in-vivo radio channels160 F I G U R E 23 Performance of BER of various techniques over in-vivo channel multiple carrier frequencies. OFDMA has developed into a popular scheme for ultra-wideband digital communication, whether wireless or over copper wires, used in applications such as digital television and audio broadcasting, DSL Internet access, wireless networks, power line networks, and 5G mobile communications.…”

Smart and Sustainable Energy Systems: Enhanced Transmission of EEG Signals in Telemedicine Applications using Soft Output Viterbi Turbo Decoder

“…In theory, both Log-MAP and MAP methods suggest an SNR estimate that remains relatively robust to SNR mismatch during run-through, in stark contrast to MLMAP [6]. Although SOVA is less complicated than MAP, its performance has been affected.…”