Bit Error Probability for Large Intelligent Surfaces Under Double-Nakagami Fading Channels

Ferreira, Ricardo Coelho; Facina, Michelle S. P.; Figueiredo, Felipe Augusto Pereira de; Fraidenraich, Gustavo; Lima, Eduardo Rodrigues de

doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2020.2996797

Cited by 86 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is worth mentioning that a uniform phase error, as pointed out by [ 24 ], may mean that the LIS’s channel estimation or phase correction was not so effective since large and small phase errors are equiprobable.…”

Section: Simulated Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Intelligent Surfaces Communicating Through Massive MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channels

Ferreira

Facina

Figueiredo

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Large intelligent surfaces (LIS) promises not only to improve the signal to noise ratio, and spectral efficiency but also to reduce the energy consumption during the transmission. We consider a base station equipped with an antenna array using the maximum ratio transmission (MRT), and a large reflector array sending signals to a single user. Each subchannel is affected by the Rayleigh flat fading, and the reflecting elements perform non-perfect phase correction which introduces a Von Mises distributed phase error. Based on the central limit theorem (CLT), we conclude that the overall channel has an equivalent Gamma fading whose parameters are derived from the moments of the channel fading between the antenna array and LIS, and also from the LIS to the single user. Assuming that the equivalent channel can be modeled as a Gamma distribution, we propose very accurate closed-form expressions for the bit error probability and a very tight upper bound. For the case where the LIS is not able to perform perfect phase cancellation, that is, under phase errors, it is possible to analyze the system performance considering the analytical approximations and the simulated results obtained using the well known Monte Carlo method. The analytical expressions for the parameters of the Gamma distribution are very difficult to be obtained due to the complexity of the nonlinear transformations of random variables with non-zero mean and correlated terms. Even with perfect phase cancellation, all the fading coefficients are complex due to the link between the user and the base station that is not neglected in this paper.

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Section: Simulated Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Intelligent Surfaces Communicating Through Massive MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channels

Ferreira

Facina

Figueiredo

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…In our previous work [10], we have used the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) to derive the bit error rate when there are phase estimation errors. However, it is known that the CLT is inaccurate when the number of elements in LIS is small, and the approximation error can be significant in the high Signalto-Noise ratio (SNR) regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Intelligent Surfaces With Discrete Set of Phase-Shifts Communicating Through Double-Rayleigh Fading Channels

Figueiredo¹,

Facina²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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It is known that the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is not always the most appropriate tool for deriving closed-form expressions. We evaluate a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) system performance in which the Large Intelligent Surface (LIS) acts as a scatterer. The direct link between the transmitting and receiving devices is negligible. Quantization phase errors are considered since the high precision configuration of the reflection phases is not always feasible. We derive exact closed-form expressions for the spectral efficiencies, outage probabilities, and average symbol error rate (SER) of different modulations. We assume a more comprehensive scenario in which $b$ bits are dedicated to the LIS elements' phase adjustment. From Monte Carlo simulations, we prove the excellent accuracy of our approach and investigate the behavior of power scaling law and power required to reach a specific capacity, depending on the number of reflecting elements. We show that the LIS with approximately fifty elements and four dedicated bits for phase quantization outperforms the conventional system performance without LIS.

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“…This is also evidenced by the results shown in Figures 5 and 6. Instead, when Q is large enough, the upper-performance limit improvement poses a better than the linear relationship with N , which is better seen in (28).…”

Section: B Upper and Lower-bounds For The Ergodic Spectral Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we deviate a little from this idea and look for more precise mathematical models under more practical scenarios. In our previous work [28], we employed the central limit theorem (CLT) to derive the bit error rate when there are phase estimation errors. However, it is known that the CLT is inaccurate when the number of elements in LIS is small, and the approximation error can be significant in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Intelligent Surfaces With Discrete Set of Phase-Shifts Communicating Through Double-Rayleigh Fading Channels

et al. 2021

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Despite many studies already published on large intelligent surfaces (LIS), there are still some gaps in mathematical models in the face of possible scenarios. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a single-input single-output (SISO) system in which an LIS acts as a controllable scatterer. We consider that the direct link between the transmitting and receiving devices is non-existent due to a blockage. Quantization phase errors at the LIS are considered since a high precision configuration of the reflection phases is not always feasible. We derive exact closed-form expressions for the spectral efficiencies, outage probabilities, and average symbol error rate (SER) of different modulations schemes. We assume a more comprehensive scenario in which b bits are dedicated to the phase adjustment of the LIS' elements. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we prove the excellent accuracy of our approach and investigate the behavior of the power scaling law and the power required to reach a specific capacity, depending on the number of reflecting elements. We show that an LIS with approximately fifty elements and four dedicated bits for phase quantization outperforms the conventional system without LIS.INDEX TERMS Large Intelligent Surface, outage probability, quantization phase errors, spectral efficiency, symbol error rate.

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Bit Error Probability for Large Intelligent Surfaces Under Double-Nakagami Fading Channels

Cited by 86 publications

References 27 publications

Large Intelligent Surfaces Communicating Through Massive MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channels

Large Intelligent Surfaces Communicating Through Massive MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channels

Large Intelligent Surfaces With Discrete Set of Phase-Shifts Communicating Through Double-Rayleigh Fading Channels

Large Intelligent Surfaces With Discrete Set of Phase-Shifts Communicating Through Double-Rayleigh Fading Channels

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