Bistatic scattering and depolarization by randomly rough surfaces: application to the natural rough surfaces in X-band

Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Scattering from Sea Surface Covered by Oil

“…First, we study the case of one-dimensional rough sea surface (clean sea surface without pollutants). By using the numerical FBM method, we realize the numerical simulation of the bistatic scattering coefficients (in forward propagation configuration) of clean rough sea surface, and we compare the numerical results with those obtained by using the asymptotic models such as small perturbation method (SPM) [7,24]. This step will allow to validate the results obtained by the developed model, and to have a reference on an ocean surface without oil spills.…”

“…Indeed, on one hand, different models based on the geometric description of the sea surface (Elfouhaily spectrum and Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum) [5,6] and on the other hand, different electromagnetic models have been developed for studying the electromagnetic scattering from sea surface. The existing electromagnetic models are classified into: approximate methods like the Kirchhoff Approximation (KA), Small Perturbation Method (SPM), Two Scale Model (TSM), Small Slope Approximation (SSA) [7][8][9] and exact methods such as the finite difference time domain (FDTD) [10], Finite Element Method (FEM) [11], Method of Moment (MoM) [12], Forward-Backward Method (FBM), Forward- Backward Method with Spectral Accelerate Algorithm (FBM/SAA) [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Numerical and experimental study of the hydrodynamic phenomena in heterogeneous sea surface EM bistatic scattering

“…To date, the Bragg scattering (scattering of linear waves) has been well studied in many papers [2] [3] [4]. Other works and measures on rough surfaces observed in bistatic configuration were performed on stamp of soil with different textures, including allowing the estimation of parameters of natural surfaces from measurements made in an anechoic chamber [5].…”

Numerical and Experimental Study of the Hydrodynamic Phenomena in Heterogeneous Sea Surface, Em Bistatic Scattering

“…These phenomena add a component which is not negligible and which is called the non-Bragg diffusion in the total diffusion coefficients. Then in this case, it can be written: σ = σ Bragg + σ Non-Bragg (1) To date, the Bragg scattering (scattering of linear waves) has been well studied in many papers [1][2][3]. However, there exists research concerning the non-Bragg scattering only in the mono-static case.…”

“…The dispersion of the breaking waves used in this study is more complicated than the rough surfaces because of their complex form. Consequently, this type of surface phenomena cannot be treated by the approximate methods such as KA, SPM, SSA, TSM, WCA [1][2][3]. We will begin the calculation the scattering of breaking waves by using numerical methods such as the method of the FBM technique (forward-backward) developed by Holliday et al [7] which gives good results even for multiple profiles (such as breaking waves).…”