Bistability of propagating front with spin‐mode in a frontal polymerization of trimethylopropane triacrylate

Huh, Do Sung; Kim, Hye Sook

doi:10.1002/pi.1269

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Pojman et al observed zigzag modes in square reactors [103] and bistability in conical reactors [104].…”

Section: Effect Of Complex Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Polymerization

Pojman

2010

Nonlinear Dynamics With Polymers

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“…Pojman et al observed zigzag modes in square reactors [103] and bistability in conical reactors [104].…”

Section: Effect Of Complex Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Polymerization

Pojman

2010

Nonlinear Dynamics With Polymers

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“…During frontal polymerization (FP), a small energetic input activates a thermally latent initiator, and transport of heat (through diffusion, convection, or advection) from the highly exothermic polymerization reaction drives the propagation of the polymerization front. In the absence of propagation instabilities, uniform temperature profiles and a homogeneous final state are obtained. − Unstable front propagation, however, spontaneously generates complex thermal instabilities. − We hypothesize that, when combined with orthogonal chemistries, the undulations in temperature which emerge in the presence of propagation instabilities can be harnessed to pattern material properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Patterning during Frontal Polymerization

et al. 2021

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Complex patterns integral to the structure and function of biological materials arise spontaneously during morphogenesis. In contrast, functional patterns in synthetic materials are typically created through multistep manufacturing processes, limiting accessibility to spatially varying materials systems. Here, we harness rapid reaction-thermal transport during frontal polymerization to drive the emergence of spatially varying patterns during the synthesis of engineering polymers. Tuning of the reaction kinetics and thermal transport enables internal feedback control over thermal gradients to spontaneously pattern morphological, chemical, optical, and mechanical properties of structural materials. We achieve patterned regions with two orders of magnitude change in modulus in poly(cyclooctadiene) and 20 °C change in glass transition temperature in poly(dicyclopentadiene). Our results suggest a facile route to patterned structural materials with complex microstructures without the need for masks, molds, or printers utilized in conventional manufacturing. Moreover, we envision that more sophisticated control of reaction-transport driven fronts may enable spontaneous growth of structures and patterns in synthetic materials, inaccessible by traditional manufacturing approaches.

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“…The three-dimensional nature of the helical pattern was studied by Manz et al using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [32]. Pojman et al observed zigzag modes in square reactors [46] and bistability in conical reactors [28].…”

Section: Effect Of Complex Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling of frontal polymerization

Pojman

2019

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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Frontal polymerization is way to convert liquid resin into a solid material with a self-propagating reaction. The reaction spreads like a flame from the heat of the reaction that diffuses into neighboring regions, starting more reaction. The frontal velocity has been accurately modeled for free-radical polymerization systems. The dynamics of fronts have been studied theoretically and experimentally. If the viscosity of the initial medium is low, then fronts can become unstable due to buoyancy-driven convection. A fascinating aspect of frontal polymerization is that fronts often do not propagate as a plane waves but exhibit complex modes such as “spin modes” and chaos. The kinetics of the polymerization significantly affects the onset of these modes. Multifunctional acrylates exhibit more complex dynamics than monoacrylates. Using multifunctional acrylates and inorganic fillers, 3P LLC created “cure-on demand” systems that do not require mixing before use, have a long shelf life and can be hardened in seconds to minutes. We consider two commercial products using frontal polymerization. The first is a wood filler that can be applied to a damaged section of wood and hardened in a few seconds by the application of heat to the surface. The second product is QuickCure Clay (QCC). QCC has an unlimited working time during which it can be sculpted. QCC is then cured by heating part of the object to 100 °C, setting off the propagating curing front. The modeling of frontal polymerization helped guide the development of these products.

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Bistability of propagating front with spin‐mode in a frontal polymerization of trimethylopropane triacrylate

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Frontal Polymerization

Frontal Polymerization

Spontaneous Patterning during Frontal Polymerization

Mathematical modeling of frontal polymerization

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