Bisphenol-S bridged penta(anilino)cyclotriphosphazene and its application in epoxy resins: Synthesis, thermal degradation, and flame retardancy

Liang, Wenjun; Zhao, Bin; Zhao, Pei‐Hua; Zhang, Cong-yun; Liu, Yaqing

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.11.023

Cited by 117 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The presence of a substantial amount of char residue is likely a result of the breaking and repolymerizing of cyclotriphosphazene rings with a subsequent increase in crosslinking density attributable to inter-and intra-reactions of the resulting polymeric chains. The formation of highly crosslinked products during the pyrolysis of cyclotriphosphazene containing materials has been reported by other researchers [32,33].…”

Section: Thermal Analysissupporting

confidence: 62%

Synthesis, characterization, thermal and fire retardant properties of new homo- and block copolymers of polyacrylate and epoxy resin with cyclotriphosphazene core

et al. 2019

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New homo-and block copolymers composed of polyacrylate and epoxy resin with hexafunctional cyclotriphosphazene core were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1 H-, 13 C-, and 31 P-NMR. The first homopolymer, PN-polyacry was prepared from the direct condensation of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate with acyl chloride of hexakis(4-carboxyphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, PN-acyl. The second homopolymer, PN-Ep, was prepared in a direct reaction of catalyzed carboxyl groups of hexakis(4-carboxyphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene PN-COOH with epoxy resin via an oxirane ring opening re action. The block copolymer, PN-Ep/polyacry, was prepared from the partial coupling of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with the PN-acyl, followed by the reaction of unreacted carboxyl groups with epoxy resin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the PN-Ep/polyacry copolymer exhibited good compatibility between polyacrylate and cured epoxy resin. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the prepared polymeric systems accumulate 30-38 wt % char at elevated temperatures, compared to neat polyacrylate and cured epoxy resin, which accumulate negligible char at 700 °C. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) exhibited significant enhancement of fire retardant properties of the prepared polymeric systems. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology study revealed that PN-polyacry and PN-Ep/polyacrylate produced intumescent char residues while PN-Ep produced solid dense char with a nonporous surface.

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Section: Thermal Analysissupporting

confidence: 62%

Synthesis, characterization, thermal and fire retardant properties of new homo- and block copolymers of polyacrylate and epoxy resin with cyclotriphosphazene core

et al. 2019

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“…However, in order to meet the market demand for products, various alternatives to BPA were widely used in industrial production. Such as, BPA analogues bisphenol-S (4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol; BPS) is widely used in the manufacture of epoxy resins [7], bisphenol-E (bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; BPE) cyanate resin [8], bisphenol-F (bis(4-hydroxypheny)methane; BPF) epoxy resin reinforced with nano polyanilines [9] and Bisphenol-AF (4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol; BPAF) was applied to polycarbonate resin production [10]. However, are the products without BPA safe worry-free?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Bisphenol Analogues in The Surface Water from A Water Diversion Project in Nanjing, China

Zheng¹,

Liu²,

Ren³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Because of the widespread use of bisphenol analogues (BPs) as the alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA), they have attracted considerable attention for health risk in aquatic ecosystems. The occurrence and distribution of six BPs were researched in soluble phase (< 5 kDa), colloidal phase (5 kDa to 1 µm) and suspended particulate matter (SPM > 1 µm) in a water diversion project of Nanjing, China. Except for bisphenol Z, all BPs were detected in the two or three phases, the total concentrations of detected BPs were 161-613 ng/L, 5.19-77.2 ng/L and 47.5-353 ng/g for the soluble phase, colloidal phase and SPM, respectively. Among the detected compounds, BPA still the dominant BPs in the soluble and colloidal phases, followed by BPS, while BPAF was the major contaminant in SPM, followed by BPA. The mean contribution proportions of colloids were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than SPM, suggesting that colloids have an obvious impact on regulating BPs’ environmental behaviors. In terms of spatial distribution, although the water diversion project could reduce the pollution levels of BPs, which might further affect the ecological security of the Yangtze River.

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“…The integrated intensities ratio of D bond to G bond ( I D / I G ) presented the degree of graphitization of the char residues. The lower value of I D / I G showed the better graphitization of char residue, which was in accordance with the better flame retardancy . The results of spectra showed that, the I D / I G value of EP/8%HTD was 3.69 which was smaller than the I D / I G value of neat EP (4.03), indicating that the char residue of EP/8%HTD was more compact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Transparent low‐flammability epoxy resins with improved mechanical properties using tryptamine‐based DOPO derivative

Chen

Dai

Guo

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A novel flame-retardant hsaltryptamine phosphaphenanthrene (HTD) was successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. HTD was used to improve flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP). When the addition content of HTD reached 4 wt%, the EP/HTD thermoset passed a UL-94 V-1 rating and had limited oxygen index value of 29.2%. Compared to neat EP, the release of heat and smoke decreased significantly due to the gaseous-phase and condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanism of HTD. The char residue after cone calorimeter test was analyzed and the results showed that the char residue of EP/8%HTD thermoset exhibited homogeneously crosslinked char layer, which acted as a good barrier for the release of heat and oxygen. The transmittance and mechanical properties of EP/HTD thermosets had been tested. EP/HTD thermoset possessed high transparency and good mechanical properties. In comparison to neat EP, tensile strength, flexural strength, and Izod unnotched impact strength of EP with 8% loading of HTD was improved by 21.9%, 20.5%, and 17.4%, respectively.

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Bisphenol-S bridged penta(anilino)cyclotriphosphazene and its application in epoxy resins: Synthesis, thermal degradation, and flame retardancy

Cited by 117 publications

References 46 publications

Synthesis, characterization, thermal and fire retardant properties of new homo- and block copolymers of polyacrylate and epoxy resin with cyclotriphosphazene core

Synthesis, characterization, thermal and fire retardant properties of new homo- and block copolymers of polyacrylate and epoxy resin with cyclotriphosphazene core

Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Bisphenol Analogues in The Surface Water from A Water Diversion Project in Nanjing, China

Transparent low‐flammability epoxy resins with improved mechanical properties using tryptamine‐based DOPO derivative

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