Bisphenol A stimulates human lung cancer cell migration via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases by GPER/EGFR/ERK1/2 signal pathway

Bisphenol A promotes the proliferation of leiomyoma cells by GPR30‐EGFR signaling pathway

“…Based on previous investigation of environmental risk factors and susceptibility biomarker research, this study, aims at considering and analyzing the correlation between BPA and UL risks . Some studies have confirmed that BPA works through the GPR30 and have deciphered the molecular mechanisms . We are the first to explore the mechanism by which BPA plays a role in uterine leiomyoma, and similar results were obtained.…”

“…BPA can promote ER mRNA, IGF‐1 mRNA, VEGF mRNA and the corresponding protein expressions. Studies have also shown that BPA has a higher affinity with GPR30 than with ERα and ERβ resulting in stronger estrogenic effects to promote the proliferation of estrogen‐stimulated cells …”

International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVII. G Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Its Pharmacologic Modulators

“…The proliferation of human seminoma JKT-1 cells in response to E2-BSA was inhibited by both G15 and GPER siRNA (Chevalier et al, 2012b), and the proliferation of spermatogonial GC-1 cells was stimulated by low concentrations (nM) of BPA through the GPER/EGFR/ERK/c-fos pathway (Sheng and Zhu, 2011;Sheng et al, 2013). BPA also affects proliferation and migration in SKBR3 human breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts that lack ERa and ERb as well as the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells (Zhang et al, 2014a).…”

GPER–novel membrane oestrogen receptor

“…Likewise, cadmium induces proliferation in SKBR3 breast cancer cells that contain GPER but lack ERs, and this effect is lost when GPER signaling is inhibited (139). BPA-induced cell proliferation of lung cancer cells is also mediated by GPER but not ERα/ERβ (140). Genistein signals via GPER to promote endometrial cancer (141), and icariin and icaritin, which have a similar structure to genistein, are traditional Chinese herbs that stimulate proliferation of breast carcinoma cells via GPER (142).…”