Bisphenol A in eggs causes development-specific liver molecular reprogramming in two generations of rainbow trout

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the manufacture of plastics and epoxy resins and is prevalent in the aquatic environment. BPA disrupts endocrine pathways in fish, but the long-term developmental implications are unknown. We demonstrate that BPA deposition in the eggs of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an ecologically and economically important species of fish, reprograms liver metabolism in the offspring and alters the developmental growth trajectory in two generations. Specifically, BPA reduces growth during early development, followed by a catch-up growth post-juveniles. More importantly, we observed a developmental shift in the liver transcriptome, including an increased propensity for protein breakdown during early life stages to lipid and cholesterol synthesis post- juveniles. The liver molecular responses corresponded with the transient growth phenotypes observed in the F1 generation, and this was also evident in the F2 generation. Altogether, maternal and/or ancestral embryonic exposure to BPA affects liver metabolism leading to development-distinct effects on growth, underscoring the need for novel risk assessment strategies for this chemical in the aquatic environment. This is particularly applicable to migratory species, such as salmon, where distinct temporal changes in growth and physiology during development are critical for their spawning success.

Postnatal triglyceride accumulation is regulated by mineralocorticoid receptor activation under basal and stress conditions

“…500 platform (Illumina Inc., USA) using paired-end reads v2 chemistry with 75 bp sequencing. Raw reads were trimmed and filtered using Illumina base-calling software bcl2fastq (2.14) according to published methods (Sadoul et al 2017). Alignment of reads was done using TopHat to the zebrafish genome (GRCz10/danRer10) and the abundance of the aligned counts was quantified using kallisto (Kim et al 2013).…”

Prediction of long-term variation in offspring metabolism due to BPA in eggs in rainbow trout using the DEB model

“…Body mass was periodically estimated by measuring the total mass divided by the number of fish in the tank. Growth data for BPA0, BPA3 and BPA30 treatments from both experiments were previously described in Sadoul et al (2017), whereas growth data for BPA100 were reported in Aluru et al (2010). The present study describes for the first time results for treatment BPA300.…”

“…2 Material and methods 2.1 Long-term BPA effects on growth in rainbow trout A recent publication by Sadoul et al (2017) reported the long-term metabolic responses to BPA in eggs prior to fertilization. Reduced growth was observed in two experiments during the pre-juvenile stage followed by a sudden catch-up growth.…”

“…Growth data from this publication, along with data from Aluru et al (2010), obtained under similar experimental conditions, were used in the present study. Protocols are briefly described below, but for further details please refer to the original publications (Sadoul et al, 2017;Aluru et al, 2010).…”

“…Because of the large number of treatments, only BPA0 and BPA100 had replicate tanks until 391 dpf, after wich they were consolidated into a single tank per treatment until the end of the experiment (1070 dpf). The same protocol was also repeated in a second experiment with triplicates of tanks, but only for 421 dpf and with the controls (BPA0) and the two environmentally relevant treatments, BPA3 and BPA30 (Sadoul et al, 2017). The number of fish per tank was 277 to 299 larvae.…”