Bisphenol-A (BPA) in Foods commonly consumed in Southwest Nigeria and its Human Health Risk

Abstract

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical ubiquitous in the environment and listed as an endocrine disruptor. It has the tendency of migrating into food stored in materials containing it. This study, therefore, determines the concentrations of BPA in foods commonly consumed in Southwest Nigeria by the adult population and also estimates the risk associated with human exposure. Eight different food categories were selected for this study. Standard QuEChERS protocol was used for sample extraction and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Vegetable oil had the highest BPA concentration (28.4 ng/g). This was followed by aquatic canned fish (26.3 ng/g), canned beef (21.3 ng/g) and crayfish (17.5 ng/g). These concentrations were below the 600 ng/g limit of the European Commission for BPA in foods. Bisphenol-A was not detected in raw beef, chicken, cheese, apple, tomatoes, beans and rice; and chicken eggs. The adult population had an average dietary intake of 30.4 ng/kg bw/day. There is no likely occurrence of harmful health effects of BPA in the selected foods with respect to the current concentrations found therein. However, routine monitoring is recommended to prevent human exposure to BPA.

An Overview of Analytical Methods for Bisphenol A

“…It is also believed that it affects men body development and behaviors, while it increases the risk of menstrual irregularity and breast cancer in women and affects brain and intelligence development in infants. In addition to metabolic disorders such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes, BPA invites many diseases such as heart problem, cancer, asthma, chronic fatigue, liver enzyme disorders, neurological disorders and preterm birth [9,21,27,31].…”

Epigenetic Alteration Shaped by the Environmental Chemical Bisphenol A

“…Accumulating evidence shows that BPA, an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), interferes with hormonal signaling pathways, which is acutely toxic to living organisms ( Diamanti-Kandarakis et al, 2009 ). In recent years, many adverse effects on the reproductive system have been found to be associated with BPA exposure in both animals and humans ( Shankar et al, 2012 ; Adeyi and Babalola, 2019 ).…”

BPA in Baby Feeding PET Bottle, Aluminium Can and Thermal Printed Paper: Application of Acridine Orange Oxidation Inhibition Method to Estimate BPA

“…It is widely used in the manufacturing of food storage containers including feeding and non-returnable bottles, as BPA based polymer is clear and tough. BPA is also used as colour developer in carbonless copy paper and thermal receipt papers (Zhuang et al 2014;Yousif Hammad 2015;Adeyi and Babalola 2019). Transport and processing of BPA and BPA containing products are foremost sources of pre-consumer release.…”

“…However, post-consumer sources include those associated with disposal or waste including e uent discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants, leaching from land lls, combustion of domestic waste, and degradation of plastics in the environment (Aschberger et al 2010a;Corrales et al 2015). It is acutely toxic to many organisms and belong to category 1 of Endocrine Disruptive Chemicals (Adeyi and Babalola 2019). In addition, it has been associated with carcinogenesis and increased sensitivity of certain cell types like mammary, epithelial and thyroid (Nomiri et al 2019).…”