Bisphenol A and Risk Management Ethics

Resnik, David B.; Elliott, Kevin C.

doi:10.1111/bioe.12079

Cited by 74 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…People are exposed to contact with this compound in the diet and by skin contact (Vandenberg et al, 2012). Every year, more than 8 billion lbs of BPA are produced worldwide (1 lb = about 0.45 kg) making it one of the most often used chemicals in industry (Resnik & Elliot, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bisphenol A on reproductive processes: A review of in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies

Tomza–Marciniak

Stępkowska

Kuba

et al. 2017

J of Applied Toxicology

117

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As bisphenol A (BPA) is characterized by a pronounced influence on human hormonal regulation, particular attention has been aimed at understanding its role in reproductive processes in males and females, as well as on fetal development. Owing to the increasing number of alarming reports on the negative consequences of the presence of BPA in human surroundings, more and more studies are being undertaken to clarify the negative effects of BPA on human reproductive processes. The aim of this work was to collect and summarize data on the influence of BPA exposure on reproductive health. Based on an analysis of selected publications it was stated that there is strong proof confirming that BPA is an ovarian, uterine and prostate toxicant at a level below the lowest observed adverse effect level (50 mg kg À1 bodyweight) as well as a level below the proposed safe level (4 μg kg À1 bodyweight). It seems there is also reliable evidence in relation to the negative effect of BPA on sperm quality and motility. Limited evidence also pertains to the case of the potential of BPA to affect polycystic ovary syndrome occurrence. Although in epidemiological studies this disease was common, in studies on animal models such results were still not confirmed. No unambiguous results of epidemiological studies and with animal models were obtained in relation to the evaluation of associations between BPA and implantation failure in women, evaluation of associations between BPA and sexual dysfunction in men, and impact of BPA on birth rate, birth weight and length of gestation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bisphenol A on reproductive processes: A review of in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies

Tomza–Marciniak

Stępkowska

Kuba

et al. 2017

J of Applied Toxicology

117

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“…[97][98][99][100][101][102][116][117][118][119] These findings pose a challenge for regulatory decision making in regards to BPA, as there is increasing evidence to support wide-ranging health effects from a variety of environmentally relevant exposure sources, pathways, and routes, which are not plausibly predicted from the current risk-assessment approach, even with the application of an uncertainty factor. 120 Although the EFSA reduced the tolerable daily intake to 4 μg BPA/kg/day in 2014, the United States has maintained its original reference dose of 50 μg BPA/kg/day.…”

Section: Discussion: the Need For An Improved Risk-assessment Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol A exposure pathways in early childhood: Reviewing the need for improved risk assessment models

Healy

English

Jagals

et al. 2015

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticiser found in a number of household plastics, electronics, and food-packaging materials. Over the past 5 years, several human epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between BPA exposure and adverse health outcomes in children, including obesity, asthma, preterm birth, and neuro-behavioural disturbances. These findings are in conflict with international environmental risk assessment models, which predict daily exposure levels to BPA should not pose a risk to child health. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the evidence for different exposure sources and potential exposure pathways of BPA in early childhood. By collating the findings from experimental models and exposure associations observed in human bio-monitoring studies, we affirm the potential for non-dietary sources to make a substantial contribution to total daily exposure in young children. Infants and toddlers have distinctive exposure sources, physiology, and metabolism of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We recommend risk-assessment models implement new frameworks, which specifically address exposure and hazard in early childhood. This is particularly important for BPA, which is present in numerous products in the home and day-care environments, and for which animal studies report contradictory findings on its safety at environmentally relevant levels of exposure.

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“…Another kind of value judgment involves choosing how to interpret the available data. For example, different groups of scientists have clashed over whether to conclude that bisphenol A (BPA; a chemical found in products like plastics, food can liners, and receipts) is harmful to human beings (Resnik and Elliott, 2015). These disagreements arise in part because scientists weigh and interpret the available data differently.…”

Section: Value Judgments and The Open Science Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%