Bispectral Analysis Measures Sedation and Memory Effects of Propofol, Midazolam, Isoflurane, and Alfentanil in Healthy Volunteers

Glass, Peter S. A.; Bloom, Marc; Kearse, Lee A.; Rosow, Carl E.; Sebel, Peter S.; Manberg, Paul J.

doi:10.1097/00000542-199704000-00014

Cited by 1,140 publications

(520 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Dogs and other species can also be quantified by bispectral monitoring (Greene et al 2003;Martin-Cancho et al 2003). In humans, BIS values above 90 indicate consciousness and values below 50 are considered to be ideal for surgical procedures (Glass et al 1997). The values described in this study demonstrate that BIS values above 95 for dogs do not differ from those in humans, since the animals were conscious and responsive to stimuli even after sedation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…It is well known that co-administration reduces the dose of hypnotic required and minimises the adverse effects of each individual drug. Alfentanil can reduce the hypnotic and anaesthetic dose of propofol required in humans (Short et al 1992;Vuyk et al 1996;Glass et al 1997). The same dosage of propofol was used in each group, but a combination of propofol with a high dose of alfentanil resulted in lower BIS values (Group 2), while the administration of alfentanil alone does not change BIS values (Lysakowski et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of a propofol/alfentanil admixture on total intravenous anaesthesia in dogs undergoing splenectomy

Jia¹,

Zhao²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular and respiratory effects and the bispectral scale index (BIS) as well as the recovery period characteristics in response to treatment with a propofol/alfentanil admixture of different concentrations in dogs undergoing splenectomy. We conducted a prospective, randomised, blinded experimental trial. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained by continuous-infusion anaesthesia of propofol and alfentanil or a propofol/alfentanil admixture after premedication with acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg). Dogs were assigned to receive different concentrations of the admixture. Changes in BIS value, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f R ), non-invasive arterial blood pressure, pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ), end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations (ETCO 2 ) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded at predefined time points during anaesthesia. Data [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures followed by a Dunnett's test and Student's t-test (P < 0.05) and where necessary, the Mann-Whitney U-test. No significant differences were found between groups with respect to age, body mass, SpO 2 , ETCO 2 , f R , systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP). BIS values were significantly lower in Group 2 when compared to Group 1 at T7, T8, T9. The HR of Group 2 was significantly lower at T2 to T9 when compared to Group 1. The propofol and alfentanil admixture provided satisfactory results in dogs undergoing splenectomy. Thus, an admixture of propofol/alfentanil may be used for total IV anaesthesia in dogs at the infusion rates determined in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a propofol/alfentanil admixture on total intravenous anaesthesia in dogs undergoing splenectomy

Jia¹,

Zhao²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Auditory evoked potential and oxygen consumption index (V ． O 2 I) are the procedures for the objective evaluation of the depth of sedation 3,5 The bispectral index (BIS), has been used to evaluate the anesthetic depth, and the usefulness in the operating room has been established [6][7][8][9][10] . The usefulness of BIS in ICU to evaluate sedation depth is controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent relationship between bispectral index and sedation level

Yamashita

Terao

Inadomi

et al. 2008

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia

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Interventions: The patients were allocated into 2 groups, group M (middle aged, <65 years) and group H (elderly, >65 years). Midazolam was administered at a bolus dose of 0.1 mg･kg -1 , followed by a continuous dose of 0.04 mg･kg -1 ･hr -1 , which was adjusted every 2 hrs to achieve a target level of sedation at 3-6 on Ramsay sedation scale (RSS), and buprenorphine was administered at a constant rate (0.625 μg･kg -1 ･hr -1 ).Measurements: BIS value, RSS, the dose of midazolam, body temperature, heart rate, the dose of dopamine, and mean arterial pressure were recorded every 2 hrs by an independent nurse. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U test.Main Results: The BIS values decreased depending on the depth of sedation, and there were significant correlation between RSS and BIS in both groups. The BIS values at levels of RSS 5 and 6 were significantly lower in group H than in group M.Conclusion: BIS correlated with sedation depth, and BIS in older patients were lower than that in middle-aged patients at a deep sedation depth.

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“…A bispectral index, Bis and many other variables are calculated by the Bis-monitor, and it is possible to obtain numerical information about these variables during anaesthesia with a very short delay. Bis has been found useful in monitoring anaesthetic depth [2,3], and several authors have reported that the method is promising in clinical practice [2,4,5]. The Bis-monitor can guide the anaesthetist during anaesthesia to obtain sufficient anaesthesia with reduced amounts of anaesthetic and allow a faster recovery from anaesthesia [4,5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bis-monitor can guide the anaesthetist during anaesthesia to obtain sufficient anaesthesia with reduced amounts of anaesthetic and allow a faster recovery from anaesthesia [4,5]. It has been shown that Bis depends on the anaesthetic agents given [3] and the position of the monitoring electrodes [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bispectral index monitoring: comparison of two types of electrode

Thøgersen¹,

Ørding²

2000

Anaesthesia

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SummaryBis-monitoring is a new method of monitoring anaesthetic depth. Bis-monitoring is easy to perform, but the Bis-monitor and the original, disposable electrodes are expensive. The aim of this study was to determine whether the original Zipprep electrodes could be replaced by the much cheaper electrocardiogram electrodes. We compared bispectral index measurements, conducted using both types of electrode in the same patients before anaesthesia, and during light and deep anaesthesia, in patients randomly allocated to receive either sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia. We found very good agreement between the measurements from the two different sets of electrodes. The impedance in the electrocardiogram electrodes was higher than in the Zipprep electrodes, but this did not affect the bispectral index. No other problems with either type of electrode were detected. It is concluded that Zipprep electrodes can be replaced by electrocardiogram electrodes in normal clinical practice.

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Bispectral Analysis Measures Sedation and Memory Effects of Propofol, Midazolam, Isoflurane, and Alfentanil in Healthy Volunteers

Abstract: The BIS both correlated well with the level of responsiveness and provided an excellent prediction of the loss of consciousness. These results imply that BIS may be a valuable monitor of the level of sedation and loss of consciousness for propofol, midazolam, and isoflurane.

Cited by 1,140 publications

References 24 publications

The effects of a propofol/alfentanil admixture on total intravenous anaesthesia in dogs undergoing splenectomy

The effects of a propofol/alfentanil admixture on total intravenous anaesthesia in dogs undergoing splenectomy

Age-dependent relationship between bispectral index and sedation level

Bispectral index monitoring: comparison of two types of electrode

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