Bispecific Antibody-Functionalized Upconversion Nanoprobe

Abstract

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are new optical probes for biological applications. For specific biomolecular recognition to be realized for diagnosis and imaging, the key lies in developing a stable and easy-to-use bioconjugation method for antibody modification. Current methods are not yet satisfactory regarding conjugation time, stability, and binding efficiency. Here, we report a facile and high-yield approach based on a bispecific antibody (BsAb) free of chemical reaction steps. One end of the BsAb is designed to recognize methoxy polyethylene glycol-coated UCNPs, and the other end of the BsAb is designed to recognize the cancer antigen biomarker. Through simple vortexing, BsAb-UCNP nanoprobes form within 30 min and show higher (up to 54%) association to the target than that of the traditional UCNP nanoprobes in the ELISA-like assay. We further demonstrate its successful binding to the cancer cells with high efficiency and specificity for background-free fluorescence imaging under near-infrared excitation. This method suggests a general approach broadly suitable for functionalizing a range of nanoparticles to specifically target biomolecules.

Engineering Cu2−xS-conjugated upconverting nanocomposites for NIR-II light-induced enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal therapy of cancer

“…As is known, lanthanide ion (Ln 3+ )-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with notable merits such as large anti-Stokes shifts, negligible auto-fluorescence, excellent detection sensitivity, high penetration depth and good biocompatibility have the ability to emit UV, visible and NIR light under NIR laser irradiation, which make them promising candidates for visual tracking in the theranostic field. 33,34 Therefore, UCNPs can be selected as promising candidates for potential applications in biological labeling, 35,36 biological imaging, 37,38 sensing 7,39 and clinical therapeutics. 40,41 Up to now, considerable efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of nanocomposites based on UCNPs and CuS nanodots through specific chemical or physical combinations, which could provide extensive potential for the synergistic diagnosis and treatment of tumor.…”

<p>Up-Conversion Luminescent Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging, Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment</p>

“…Previous studies have shown that UCNPs coated with different ligands (silica shells, 40 charged polymers, 41 active small molecules, 42 biomacromolecules, 43 etc.) and/or covalently linked to functional groups (peptides, 44 folates, 45 antibodies, 46 etc.) can achieve cellular imaging via exocytosis and group-mediated action.…”

Atomic deciphering of cation exchange mechanism in upconversion nanoparticles

“…Lanthanide (Ln 3+ ) doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), featuring by unique luminescent properties including large Stokes shift, tunable emission spectrum and decay lifetime, zero autofluorescence background and high penetration depth into biological tissue, is emerging as a promising light carrier. The UCNPs are attractive in a wide array of applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] , such as graphics imaging and display [8][9][10] , anti-counterfeiting 11,12 , and biological labelling [13][14][15][16][17] . In order to expedite the practical applications of UCNPs, great research efforts have been paid to enhance the upconversion luminescence [18][19][20] .…”