Bisoniana LXXVIII. Some aspects of urea metabolism in North American bison

Keith, Edward O.; Ellis, James E.; Phillips, Robert W.; Dyer, M. I.; Ward, Gerald M.

doi:10.4098/at.arch.81-21

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Peden et al (1974) hypothesized that bison may be capable of more efficient digestion of low-quality forages than cattle due to urea recycling from body pools. Keith et al (1981) substantiated that bison urea metabolism responds to dietary N levels. The results of our study do not completely support the hypothesis that bison have the abil-ity to digest lower quality forages better than cattle.…”

Section: Forage Digestibility and Diet Qualitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Foraging Ecology of Bison and Cattle on a Mixed Prairie: Implications for Natural Area Management

Plumb¹,

Dodd²

1993

Ecological Applications

121

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There exists considerable uncertainty whether differences between bison () and cattle (Bos taurus) should be exploited in natural area stewardship. Because foraging ecology may prescribe the fundamental relevance of either herbivore, we describe the foraging of bison and cattle on a northern mixed prairie natural area and discuss management implications. As generalist foragers, bison and cattle exhibited seasonal differences in selection for or against C"3 graminoids, C"4 grasses, forbs, and browse. Forty-eight hour in vitro dry matter digestibilities of C"3 graminoids and C"4 grasses were greater by bison than cattle, but equal digestive efficiencies were exhibited for forbs and browse. Dietary in vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein differed little between herbivores. Cattle allocated more time to grazing than bison did during summer. Our study suggests that the relationship between feeding-time investment and forage patchiness is important in determining differences in diet choice between bison and cattle. In contrast to cattle, it appears that bison balance nutrient and time demands during the rut by consuming almost exclusively graminoids. Apparently, bison and cattle may achieve similar dietary quality through different foraging behavior. We suggest that specific scale-dependent programmatic conditions exist where either herbivore may be the most appropriate for natural area management.

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Section: Forage Digestibility and Diet Qualitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Foraging Ecology of Bison and Cattle on a Mixed Prairie: Implications for Natural Area Management

Plumb¹,

Dodd²

1993

Ecological Applications

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lewis [38] observed urea-nitrogen concentrations from 15-36 mg/dl in orally collected saliva and this result is agreed with the finding of this study and urea also enters the rumen in saliva and the mechanism of urea transfer from blood to saliva is apparently passive diffusion, as the saliva urea concentration is proportional to BUN. Edward et al [46] demonstrated that BUN and salivary urea concentrations were highly correlated (r = 0.96). In this study the salivary creatinine concentrations were about 66% of serum concentrations and the concentrations were related, while salivary creatinine concentrations were 10-15% of serum creatinine concentrations in healthy populations and the concentrations were not related in healthy populations, however, a significant relationship was found in the patients (r = 0.784, P < 0.001) [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of Saliva as Alternative Biological Fluid to Serum for Minerals, Energetic and Hormones Assessment in Lactating Egyptian Water Buffaloes

Hefnawy¹

2013

J Buf Sci

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Blood sample is the most common biological fluid utilized for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Saliva contains locally produced substances as well as serum component, so the aim of this study is to compare the profile of minerals, energetic and hormones in Egyptian water buffaloes. Blood serum and saliva samples were collected from 80 healthy multiparous, non-pregnant lactating Egyptian water buffaloes. Both fluids were tested for sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, insulin, cortisol, ACTH, glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein and immunoglobulin [IgA]. The results revealed that, serum concentrations of calcium, glucose, total protein, sodium, chloride, Insulin, cortisol, ACTH and IgA were significantly higher than saliva. In contrast, the concentrations of potassium and phosphorous in the saliva were significantly higher than that of serum. On the other hand no significant change in respect of urea, creatinine and magnesium was noted between saliva and serum. The relationships between saliva and serum of the estimated parameters were significantly positive except the concentrations of insulin in saliva and blood serum did not correlate. In conclusion, the saliva sample can be used in clinical practice with high level of reliability and provide non-invasive biological fluid for monitoring of different parameters in Egyptian water buffaloes.

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Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie

et al. 1983

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Studies were conducted during the 1979 growing season to examine how North American bison (Bison bison) use prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota. Objectives included (1) determining whether bison selected for prairie dog towns parkwide; (2) characterizing in greater detail bison use patterns of a 36-ha colony in Pringle Valley as a function of time since prairie dog colonization; and (3) relating these bison use patterns to measured changes in structure and nutritional value of vegetation on and off the dog town.During midsummer, prairie dog towns were one of the most frequently used habitats by bison parkwide. Day-long observations at Pringle Valley revealed that bison exerted strong selection (nearly 90% of all habitat use and feeding time) for the dog town, which occupied only 39% of the valley. While there, they partitioned their use of the colony by grazing in moderately affected areas (occupied <8 years by prairie dogs) and by resting in the oldest area (>26 years occupation).Prairie dogs facilitate bison habitat selection for a shortgrass successional stage in this mixed-grass community by causing a broad array of compositional, structural, and nutritional changes in the vegetation.

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Bisoniana LXXVIII. Some aspects of urea metabolism in North American bison

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Foraging Ecology of Bison and Cattle on a Mixed Prairie: Implications for Natural Area Management

Foraging Ecology of Bison and Cattle on a Mixed Prairie: Implications for Natural Area Management

Usage of Saliva as Alternative Biological Fluid to Serum for Minerals, Energetic and Hormones Assessment in Lactating Egyptian Water Buffaloes

Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie

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