Bismuth: Inorganic Chemistry

Whitmire, Kenton H.

doi:10.1002/0470862106.ia019

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 301 publications

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“…In aqueous media, Bi 3+ ions can be quickly converted to insoluble bismuth hydroxide or bismuth oxides at neutral or high pH. 12,13 InCl 3 also has low solubility in ethanol. To incorporate Bi and In ions into the reaction mixture, we first dissolved bismuth nitrate and indium chloride directly in AA, and then mixed this Bi and In−AA solution with the ethanol solution containing other metal ions.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Encoded Polystyrene Microbeads as a Mass Cytometry Calibration/Normalization Standard Covering Channels from Yttrium (89 amu) to Bismuth (209 amu)

et al. 2019

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Mass cytometry (MC) measures metal isotope signals from single cells and bead samples. Since large numbers of isotopes can be employed as labels, mass cytometry is a powerful analytical technique for multiparameter cytometric assays. The calibration protocol in MC is a critical algorithm, which employs metal-encoded microbeads as an internal standard to correct the data for instrumental signal drift. The current generation of commercially available beads carries four lanthanide elements (cerium, europium, holmium, and lutetium). However, this is not sufficient to calibrate the full span of detection channels, ranging from yttrium (89 amu) to bismuth (209 amu), which are now available. To address this issue we prepared polystyrene microbeads encoded with seven elements (yttrium, indium, and bismuth in addition to the four lanthanides) by multistage dispersion polymerization for MC calibration and normalization. The bead synthesis conditions were optimized to obtain microbeads that were uniform in size and generated strong MC signal intensities at similar levels for the eight encoded isotopes. Metal ion leaching from the beads under storage and application conditions was also examined. We demonstrated that the precision of normalized MC signals in the MC detection channels was improved by employing seven-element-encoded microbeads as a standard.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Encoded Polystyrene Microbeads as a Mass Cytometry Calibration/Normalization Standard Covering Channels from Yttrium (89 amu) to Bismuth (209 amu)

et al. 2019

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“…The low toxicity of bismuth has led to its use as a lead replacement in many materials . There is also interest in the fundamental chemistry of this heavy main group element, which frequently differs from the chemistry of its lighter congeners. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth Aryloxides

et al. 2009

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The synthesis and full characterization (mp, NMR, UV/vis, FTIR, and elemental analysis) of 13 bismuth aryloxides are reported. We have prepared bismuth aryloxides with alkyl, aryl, and allylic substituents on the aryl rings. Eleven of these bismuth aryloxides have been characterized with single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Bismuth-donor interactions (donor = aryl, methoxy) are observed in several cases. Three unexpected bismuth oxo aryloxides (6c, 9c, 11c) were also isolated. Complex C(77)H(102)Bi(4)Br(6)O(8) (6c) results from apparent C-H activation and Bi-C bond formation as a sideproduct in the synthesis of Bi(O-2,6-(i)Pr(2)-4-BrC(6)H(2))(3) (6). Cluster 9c has a Bi(32)O(56) core, and cluster C(90)H(90)Bi(4)Li(2)O(12) (11c) is the second lithium bismuth oxo cluster reported to date.

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“…The coordination chemistry of bismuth and antimony is currently attracting great interest because of its myriad applications in organic and oxidation catalysis, medicine and biochemistry, superconductors, ferroelectrics, and many other oxide based materials. − Chemists are focusing much attention on the synthesis and identification of new bismuth and antimony aryloxides/alkoxides that are suitable for these applications. ,,,,,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth(III) and Antimony(III) Calixarene Complexes

et al. 2008

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A series of calixarene bismuth and antimony complexes have been fully characterized by NMR, X-ray, IR, UV/vis, and elemental analysis. The reactions of SbCl(3) with the monosodium salt of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (Bu(t)C4), Bu(t)C4.Na, and the tetralithium salt of para-tert-butylcalix[4]arene, Bu(t)C4.Li(4), afforded two diantimony calix[4]arene complexes Bu(t)C4(SbCl)(2), with different (1)H NMR spectra and different THF coordination, but the same core structures. Other calix[4]arene antimony complexes (HC4(SbCl)(2) 2 and AC4(SbCl)(2) 3, diantimony chloride complexes of calix[4]arene and p-allylcalix[4]arene) and calix[4]arene bismuth complexes (Bu(t)C4(BiCl(2))(2)Li(2) 4, HC4(BiCl(2))(2)Li(2).6DMSO 5, and AC4(BiCl(2))(2)Li(2).4THF 6) were prepared by the reactions of MCl(3) (M = Sb or Bi) with RC4.Li(4) (R = Bu(t), H, or allyl) in a 2:1 molar ratio in THF. The same strategy was applied for Bu(t)C8 (p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene), and the desired bismuth complex [Bu(t)C8(BiCl(2))(4)(mu-Cl)(2)Li(6)][4THF.7DME] 12 was successfully synthesized. Complex 12 contains a planar Bi(4) core with four terminal chlorine atoms, which adopt a syn arrangement with respect to the plane defined by four bismuth atoms, and orient away from each other. A calix[4]arene monobismuth complex 11 was prepared by the reaction of Bi(OBu(t))(3) with the 1,2-disubstituted benzyl ether of calix[4]arene. Complexes 1-6 contain central planar M(2)(mu-O)(2) (M = Sb or Bi) four-membered rings, similar to four-membered rings observed in other calix[4]arene main group metal complexes. Intramolecular bismuth-arene pi interactions are observed in complexes 4-6 and 11 but not 12.

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Bismuth: Inorganic Chemistry

Cited by 6 publications

References 301 publications

Metal-Encoded Polystyrene Microbeads as a Mass Cytometry Calibration/Normalization Standard Covering Channels from Yttrium (89 amu) to Bismuth (209 amu)

Metal-Encoded Polystyrene Microbeads as a Mass Cytometry Calibration/Normalization Standard Covering Channels from Yttrium (89 amu) to Bismuth (209 amu)

Bismuth Aryloxides

Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth(III) and Antimony(III) Calixarene Complexes

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