Bismuth(III) compounds as catalysts in organic synthesis: A mini review

On structural factors determining the nature of the fluorescent properties of OIHMs based on 8-hydroxyquinoline

“…This is a consequence of the catalytic properties of copper as well as bismuth in the electrophilic aromatic substitution. [55][56][57] Due to the formation of a new organic ligand (5,7-dibromo-8hydroxyquinolinium cation), these compounds have been excluded from the discussion on the obtained group of 8-hydroxyquinolinium compounds. The data concerning the structures of (8hqBr 2 H) 2 [CuBr 4 ]•2H 2 O and (8hqBr 2 H) 4 [Bi 2 -Br 10 ]•2H 2 O were placed in ESI.…”

Expanding the scope of bis(catecholato)germane catalysis: hydrosilylation, hydroboration, Friedel–Crafts alkylation and oligomerization

“…To analyze the order in styrene, the total concentration of oligomerization products formed (3,4,5,6) was plotted against ∑[α-methylstyrene] α Δt, where α is the reaction order for styrene. The order in styrene was altered between 1-2 in the VTNA plots and the values were plotted at starting concentrations of styrene of 0.14 M and 0.27 M. Notably, when the reactant order is 1.5, good overlap between the two lines is observed suggesting an order of 1.5 for α-methylstyrene (Fig.…”

“…1 Main group Lewis acid catalysts have been shown to be viable alternatives in various reactions including hydrosilylation, 2 hydroboration 3 and hydroamination. 4 While, the use of group 13 Lewis acids, 5 as well as bismuth Lewis acids, 6 has been extensively explored, the applications of germanium Lewis acids in catalysis are relatively unknown.…”

Effects of Hypervalent Bismuth on Electronic Properties of the Azobenzene Tridentate Ligand and Roles of Lewis Acidity in Controlling Optical Properties

“…Organobismuth compounds have received much attention in inorganic and organometallic chemistry because of their intriguing chemical properties. − Uniqueness of their structural features has driven the synthesis of organobismuth − and the evaluation of electronic properties, − Lewis acidity, − pnictogen bond, − bismuth reagents, − and catalysts. − Among them, the formation of a hypervalent state and the expression of new electronic properties are of great concern. − The hypervalent state is interpreted as multi-coordinate species with more than an octet of formally assignable electrons around the central atom in the valence shell of the central atom . In the main group elements, the geometries of the hypervalent state are trigonal bipyramidal or octahedral .…”