“…Previously, these were used mainly for optical glass formation . However, their applications in nonlinear optics, , solar cells, − batteries, − supercapacitors, ,, thermoelectrics, ,, piezo/pyro-electric nanogenerators, , photodetectors, , and photocatalysis/photoelectrocatalysis have recently gained tremendous attention. In this section, we exclusively focus on photocatalysis, including pollutant removal, Cr(VI) reduction, H 2 generation, CO 2 reduction, N 2 fixation, as well as photoelectrochemical characterizations which have been extensively reported.…”