“…Previous work on pollen grains extracted from fossil insects (e.g., Krassilov and Rasnitsyn, 1997 ; Krassilov et al., 1999 , 2003 , 2007 ; Tekleva 2015 ) have not provided any detailed accounts on how to observe, extract, or investigate the pollen. This protocol provides clear written instructions and supportive illustrations enabling scientists to successfully extract and analyze fossil pollen from the exoskeleton or internal organs of fossil insects.…”