The hazard assessment of a telescoped
Miyaura borylation and Suzuki
coupling reaction employing bis(pinacolato)diboron (BisPin), used
in the developmental synthesis of an intermediate for abemaciclib,
led to the observation of hydrogen being generated. Quantitative headspace
GC and solution 11B NMR were used to show that the rapid
decomposition of the excess BisPin from the borylation under the aqueous
basic conditions of the Suzuki reaction was responsible for H2 generation. The moles of H2 observed were found
equal to the BisPin excess, which is rationalized by mass balance
and a stoichiometric reaction. The possible generation of the stoichiometric
levels of H2 should be considered in hazard assessments
of this class of reaction. Kinetic and process modeling was used to
minimize the risk upon scale-up, and results for commercial manufacturing
batches are presented, which showed good agreement with the lab scale
data. Furthermore, the hydrogen evolution potentials of other common
borylating agents including bisboronic acid (BBA) and pinacol borane
were demonstrated.