Bis-imidazole ring-containing bipolar organic small molecule cathodes for high-voltage and ultrastable lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Organic cathode materials are attractive for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries due to their advantages in sustainability and designability of molecular structure as well as the high upper limit of theoretical capacity....

Atomistic structural engineering of conjugated organic polymer cathodes for high-performance Li-organic batteries

“…The result indicates that when the Ketjen black content is about 60 wt% in the whole electrode, the PTO-Py cathode delivers the supreme lithium storage performance. The theoretical capacities for PTO-Bz, PTO-Py, PTO-Pm, and PTO-Tz could be calculated on the basis of a previously reported formula 16,23,25,36 (Scheme S3, † the calculation details in the ESI †). The galvanostatic discharge-charge (GDC) proles of the four electrodes for the second cycles under the 0.1 A g −1 rate are presented in Fig.…”

“…15 In this context, organic materials, by virtue of the unique advantages of structural diversity, abundant resource, low environmental footprint, and high theoretical capacity, have been considered as the most promising cathodes for next-generation LIBs. 16,17…”

“…15 In this context, organic materials, by virtue of the unique advantages of structural diversity, abundant resource, low environmental footprint, and high theoretical capacity, have been considered as the most promising cathodes for next-generation LIBs. 16,17 Pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO), with four carbonyl (C]O) active sites, could reach a high theoretical capacity of up to 408 mA h g −1 . Such a structure has triggered tremendous interest as a cathode material for high-energy density LIBs.…”

“…Such a structure has triggered tremendous interest as a cathode material for high-energy density LIBs. Nevertheless, the undesirable dissolubility in popular electrolytes and poor electronic conductivity lead to rapid capacity decay and tardy reaction kinetics [18][19][20] and thus restrict the practical applications of organic cathode materials for LIBs. In order to solve these intrinsic problems, several common strategies, such as polymerization, [21][22][23][24][25] salinization 26,27 and composition with conductive materials 28,29 have been explored to some extent.…”

Bipolar-Type Organic Electrode Material Composed of a Viologen–Naphthalene Diimide–Viologen Triad for Li-Organic Batteries

“…Given that NDI-2Vi with four bromide anions (molecular weight = 1010 g mol –1 ) stores six electrons per molecule, its theoretical specific capacity is calculated to be 159 mA h g –1 . Notably, in a Li–organic cell, 98.5% of its theoretical capacity was utilized, which outperforms bipolar-type small molecular ROMs reported, so far. − The charge/discharge mechanism of the NDI-2Vi electrode accompanied by anion exchange was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Finally, its cycle stability and rate performance were evaluated in a Li–organic coin cell, and its redox kinetics was also analyzed by CV.…”