Bis-dithiocarbamates: Effective Chelating Agents for Mobilization of Polonium-210 from Rat

Rencová, J.; Volf, V.; Jones, Mark M.; Singh, Pramod K.; Filgas, R.

doi:10.1080/09553009514550281

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Another thiol compound N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid (DMPA) reduced 210 Po activity in the spleen to 25% of the control (Aposhian et al 1987). Derivatives of dithiocarbamate were somewhat effective with tissue reductions of 25-60% (Rencova et al 1994, Rencova et al 1995). However, some chemotoxicity was observed in a metabolic study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamins A, C, and E May Reduce Intestinal 210Po Levels after Ingestion

Kemp

Portugal

Akudugu³

et al. 2016

Health Physics

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Damage to the gut mucosa is a probable contributory cause of death from ingested 210Po. Therefore, medical products are needed that can prevent, mitigate, and/or repair gastrointestinal (GI) damage caused by high-LET radiation emitted by 210Po. The present studies investigated the capacity of a diet highly enriched with vitamins A, C, and E (vitamin ACE) to protect against intestinal mucosal damage indicated by functional reductions in nutrient transport caused by orally ingested 210Po. Mice were gavaged with 0 or 18.5 kBq 210Po-citrate and fed a control or vitamin ACE-enriched diet (the latter beginning either 96 h before or immediately after gavage). Mouse intestines significantly retained 210Po on day 8 post-gavage. The concentration of 210Po in intestinal tissues was significantly (p<0.05) lower in all vitamin ACE groups compared to control. There were borderline significant 210Po-induced reductions in intestinal absorption of D-fructose. The combination of vitamins A, C, and E may reduce 210Po incorporation in the intestines when given before, or enhance decorporation when provided after, 210Po gavage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamins A, C, and E May Reduce Intestinal 210Po Levels after Ingestion

Kemp

Portugal

Akudugu³

et al. 2016

Health Physics

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“…These results point out the importance of applying medical countermeasures, e.g., applications that remove Po-210 from the body early on after ingesting or inhaling possibly lethal amounts of Po-210. Some agent have successfully removed Po-210 from the body of animals (Rencová et al 1994(Rencová et al , 1995(Rencová et al , 1997Roessler 2007).…”

Section: However New Funded Research Is Needed To Establish the Bestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extension of the modeling (not addressed here) would allow addressing question 5. Possible approaches to addressing question 4 are discussed by Rencová et al (1994Rencová et al ( , 1995Rencová et al ( , 1997, Geber and Thomas (1992), and by Guilmette (see Roessler 2007) based on Po-210 decorporation studies in animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Evaluations for Ingestion Exposure of Humans to Polonium-210

Scott¹

2007

Dose-Response

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ᮀ The incident in London during November 2006 involving a lethal intake by Mr. Alexander Litvinenko of the highly-radioactive, alpha-particles-emitting polonium-210 (Po-210) isotope, presumably via ingestion, sparked renewed interest in the area of Po-210 toxicity to humans. This paper is the result of assembling and interpreting existing Po-210 data within the context of what is considered a reliable risk model (hazard-function [HF] model) for characterizing the risk of death from deterministic effects of high alpha radiation doses and dose rates to body organs. The HF model was developed to address radiation exposure scenarios involving combined exposures to alpha, beta, and gamma radiations and can be used in circumstances where only one type of radiation is involved. Under a plausible but not yet validated set of assumptions and using available megabecquerel (Po-210) to gray dose-conversion factors, acute lethality risk vs. dose curves were developed for circumstances of ingestion exposure to Po-210 by humans. Initial risk calculations were carried out for a reference adult male human (a hypothetical 70-kg person). Results were then modified for application to all ages (except the in utero child) via the use of systemic Po-210 burden. Because of the unavailability of acute lethality data derived from human ingestions of high levels of Po-210, plausibility of risk calculations were evaluated based on data from studies of Po-210 injections in animals. The animal data, although limited, were found to be consistent with the theoretical risk calculations. Key findings are as follows: (1) ingestion (or inhalation) of a few tents of a milligram of Po-210 will likely be fatal to all exposed persons. (2) Lethal intakes are expected to involve fatal damage to the bone marrow which is likely to be compounded by damage caused by higher doses to other organs including the kidneys and liver. (3) Lethal intakes are expected to cause severe damage to the kidney, spleen, stomach, small and large intestines, lymph nodes, skin, and testes (males) in addition to the fatal damage to bone marrow. (4) The time distribution of deaths is expected to depend on the level of radioactivity ingested or inhaled, with deaths occurring within about a month after very high levels of radioactivity intake (e.g., systemic burdens > 1 MBq/kg-body-mass) and occurring over longer periods, possibly up to or exceeding a year for lower but lethal intakes (systemic burdens from 0.1 to 1.0 MBq/kg-body-mass). Below a systemic burden estimate of 0.02 MBq/kg-bodymass, deaths from deterministic effects are not expected to occur but the risk of cancer and for life shortening could be significant. New, funded experimental and modeling/theoretical research is needed to improve on these estimates.

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Aspects of the Chemistry of Species with Carbon–Polonium Bonds

Ponikvar‐Svet

Liebman

2011

Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups

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The chemistry of compounds with carbon‐polonium bonds remains, not surprisingly, rather unstudied because of the high level of radioactivity, and hence scarcity, danger and expense, associated with polonium itself. Attempts to enlighten this understanding have rarely investigated the same species experimentally and theoretically; the former are emphasized in this chapter. Approaches to the syntheses of dialkyl polonides, aryl polonium derivatives and other types of compounds with carbon‐polonium bonds are discussed.

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Bis-dithiocarbamates: Effective Chelating Agents for Mobilization of Polonium-210 from Rat

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Vitamins A, C, and E May Reduce Intestinal 210Po Levels after Ingestion

Vitamins A, C, and E May Reduce Intestinal 210Po Levels after Ingestion

Health Risk Evaluations for Ingestion Exposure of Humans to Polonium-210

Aspects of the Chemistry of Species with Carbon–Polonium Bonds

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