Birthweight and subsequent growth of children exposed to rubella infection in utero

Lejarraga, Horacio; Peckham, Catherine

doi:10.1136/adc.49.1.50

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is what happens in the embryos who, for example, suffer maternal alcohol abuse (fetal alcohol syndrome) or congenital rubella syndrome. 11 In the cases described above, the critical period corresponds to the neural replication period, but other critical periods also take place in the central nervous system (CNS). One occurs during synaptogenesis and the subsequent synaptic pruning, which takes place in postnatal life.…”

Section: Special Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal origin of adult diseases

Lejarraga

2019

Arch Argent Pediat

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Three relevant, interrelated scientific advances are described: the concept of critical periods (CPs), the Barker Hypothesis (BH), and the underlying epigentic mechanisms involved. Critical periods are genetically programmed, highly sensitive time intervals during which the interaction between environment and individuals generates the development of physiological processes related to physical growth and development, survival (breastfeeding), social behavior, and learning. Barker hypothesis is based on the finding that prenatal malnutrition (for example, lowbirthweight) is closely related to mortality due to cardiovascular disease CVD) in the adult, and to the risk conditions leading to it: insuline resistence, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and high blood pressure. This association is no due to genetical causes, but secondary to nutritional deficits which in turn generate epigenetic mechanisms of methylation of DNA basis and cromatine proteines (histones), which do not modify the genetic code but modulate its expresion, reinforcing some genes, inhibiting others, regulating when and where they are expressed. These genes participate in the process called programming, consisting of permanent changes in the response to stimulation of metabolic and hormone regulators, such as, for example, increasing insuline resistence. Epigenetic changes persist even when original conditions (fetal or perinatal malnutrition) are no longer present. This, in turn, affects health of the offspring later in adult life, creating thus the same environmental prenatal conditions to the next generation. This transgenerational effects of early nutritional experiences are more frequent in population groups of por socioeconomic level, and consequently have serious implications in the future health of Latin American populations.

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Section: Special Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal origin of adult diseases

Lejarraga

2019

Arch Argent Pediat

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“…Esto es lo que ocurre en el embrión, por ejemplo, en el caso del alcoholismo materno (síndrome de alcohol fetal) y de rubeola congénita. 11 En los casos descritos más arriba, el período crítico es el de replicación neuronal, pero hay otros períodos críticos en el sistema nervioso central (SNC). Uno de ellos es el que ocurre con la sinaptogénesis y la poda sináptica subsiguiente, que tiene lugar en la vida posnatal.…”

Section: Figura 3 Konrad Lorenz Liderando La Fila De Gansitosunclassified

Origen perinatal de enfermedades del adulto

2019

Arch Argent Pediat

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Se describen tres adelantos interrelacionados: el concepto de períodos críticos, la hipótesis de Barker y los mecanismos epigenéticos involucrados. Los primeros son intervalos temporales genéticamente programados, vinculados a procesos fisiológicos ligados al crecimiento y desarrollo físico del individuo (habilitación de vías nerviosas, replicación neuronal), a procesos relacionados con el apego madre-hijo, la lactancia, la socialización y el aprendizaje. La hipótesis de Barker sostiene que la desnutrición, en la etapa perinatal, se asocia a mayor mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular y a las alteraciones metabólicas que condicionan dicha enfermedad (síndrome metabólico, resistencia a la insulina, hipertensión). Esta asociación es secundaria a las alteraciones nutricionales que desencadenan mecanismos epigenéticos de metilación de bases del ADN o de histonas. Los cambios epigenéticos son permanentes y pueden tener efectos transgeneracionales, al afectar el ambiente perinatal en donde crece la descendencia, hecho relevante en países con poblaciones que viven en condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables. Palabras clave: enfermedades cardiovasculares, desnutrición fetal, recién nacido de bajo peso, síndrome metabólico, epigenética.

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Infections of the Newborn

Marks

1985

Pediatric Infectious Diseases for the Practitioner

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Infections of the Newborn General ConsiderationsNewborns are special! They are exposed to several diverse environments during their intrauterine, perinatal, and postnatal lives. Because of this, and their relatively immature state of physical and immunological development, they have infectious disease problems that deserve special emphasis. In fact, there are textbooks exclusively devoted to infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn. Do not worry, this chapter will not attempt to be comprehensive in every detail, but rather focus on the commonest problems. Newborn Environments (Fig 3-1)The first world the fetus encounters is unique in several aspects.Intrauterine. The ideal isolation room-or is it? There is no problem with airborne infection and direct contact with infected persons is. impossible. Maternal immunity is altered so that tolerance is pronounced, allowing the fetus to persist without immunologic challenge, in most cases. Contact between the mother's environment and the fetus is maintained and controlled via the placenta and umbilical cord, which are generally effective in limiting in utero antigenic exposure of the fetus. Nevertheless, breakthroughs occur. A common example is congenital cytomegalovirus infection, probably the most frequent congenital infection. Other maternal infections in the first trimester (e.g. influenza, measles, tuberculosis, etc.) have been associated with abortion and fetal death. These severe outcomes may be nature's way of avoiding horrendous congenital anomalies. In fact, these infections can be likened to lethal mutations, since they occur so early in embryonic development.

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Birthweight and subsequent growth of children exposed to rubella infection in utero

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Perinatal origin of adult diseases

Perinatal origin of adult diseases

Origen perinatal de enfermedades del adulto

Infections of the Newborn

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