Birth Weight, Childhood Growth, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Japanese Aged 20 Years

Miura, Katsuyuki; Nakagawa, Hideaki; Tabata, Masaji; Morikawa, Yuko; Nishijo, Muneko; Kagamimori, Sadanobu

doi:10.1093/aje/153.8.783

Cited by 92 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…11,14,45,52 Although some studies of adults found significant relationships when men and women were analyzed together, 10 when males and females were analyzed separately in these same studies significant relationships were only seen in men. 13,42,54 These agree with our findings of a possible sex difference in effect in total cholesterol, and studies that have analyzed men and women together may have obscured a relationship in men. However, evidence in our study for a sex difference was relatively weak and may represent a chance finding, while the small size of the effect, even among the men, means that it is likely to be of limited public health importance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…41 The detrimental impact of greater gain in weight relative to height during the life-course is also implicated in the findings for HDL, with the strengthening of the positive association after adjustment for current BMI. 18 Relationships between total cholesterol and birth weight have previously been found in subjects with nonfasting 13,42 and fasting lipid levels, 43,44 whereas significant relationships with other lipids were generally only seen in studies using fasting lipid levels. 11,[45][46][47] The use of nonfasting measures in the NSHD may explain our lack of association of birth weight with LDL and HDL cholesterol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Birth Weight and Lipids in a National Birth Cohort Study

Skidmore

Hardy

Kuh

et al. 2004

ATVB

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Objective-To investigate the association between birth weight and lipid levels in a 53-year-old birth cohort from England, Scotland, and Wales. Methods and Results-Lipid levels were obtained from nonfasting blood samples, collected at the most recent follow-up of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, for 2559 men and women. Regression models indicated that in men, a 1-kg increase in birth weight was associated with a 0.13-mmol/L decrease (95% CI: Ϫ0.23, Ϫ0.01) in total cholesterol at age 53 years (Pϭ0.03), compared with a 0.02-mmol/L (95% CI: Ϫ0.11, 0.15) increase in women and a 0.06-mmol/L (95% CI: Ϫ0.15, 0.02) decrease in men and women combined. Adjustment for current height and body mass index (BMI) in men reduced the size of the relationship, with height being responsible for the reduction. Adult height and height at 2 and 4 years were significantly associated with total cholesterol in men and in men and women combined. The negative association between total cholesterol and birth weight was strongest among men with high BMI at age 53 years (Pϭ0.03 for test for interaction between birth weight and BMI). There was no significant association between birth weight and LDL or HDL cholesterol in men or women before adjustment, but there was a positive association with HDL in women. When both sexes were analyzed together, an association was seen after adjustment for current body size. No confounding of these findings with social class was observed in this study. Conclusions-Our results suggest that the small effect of birth weight on lipid levels at age 53 years has a limited public health impact. The findings suggest that childhood height growth may be more important than prenatal growth. Key Words: birth weight Ⅲ height Ⅲ body mass index Ⅲ cholesterol Ⅲ epidemiology H igh blood cholesterol is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease 1 and may be programmed in early life. 2 According to Barker's fetal origins hypothesis, 2 impaired fetal growth that leads to changes in lipid metabolism is one explanation for the observed inverse associations between birth weight and other measures of size at birth and adult cardiovascular disease. 3,4 Results from studies relating markers of fetal growth to adult lipid levels have, however, been inconsistent 3,5-9 and a recent meta-analysis estimated a decrease of only 0.05 mmol/L per 1 kg increase in birth weight. 10 To our knowledge, all except one study 7 of European adults 3,5,6,8,[11][12][13][14][15] have fewer than 800 subjects and may therefore have lacked the power to test for sex differences. Sex differences in the association between fetal growth and later coronary heart disease risk might be anticipated if fetal nutrition is the underlying mechanism because male fetuses grow at a faster rate, on average, than female fetuses. 16 However, discussion of sex differences based on separate analyses for males and females, without statistical tests of interaction, may result in an overemphasis of chance differences. 17 Adjustment of the birth weight effec...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Birth Weight and Lipids in a National Birth Cohort Study

Skidmore

Hardy

Kuh

et al. 2004

ATVB

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“…Some studies do not directly compare effects of growth in height versus weight. For example, Miura et al 20 reported an inverse relation of rate of height gain from age 3 to 20 years on systolic BP in Japanese young adults. Law et al 17 reported effects of weight gain but did not show results for height.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Child Growth Raises Blood Pressure in Adolescent Boys Who Were Thin at Birth

2003

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Abstract-Catch-up growth in previously growth-restricted children is a suggested risk factor for chronic disease risk. We use data from 2026 Filipino adolescents to identify periods of growth that matter more for risk of high blood pressure (BP). Subjects were drawn from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, which enrolled pregnant women and followed up their offspring through age14 to 16 years. High BP was defined as the top 10% of residuals from gender-specific regressions of systolic and diastolic BP on age and height. After controlling for birth length, current body mass index, age, and height, the odds of high BP in males were significantly decreased with each kilogram increase in birth weight. The highest odds of elevated BP occurred among males who were relatively thin at birth but relatively heavy as adolescents. Larger weight increments from birth to 2 years decreased the odds of high BP in boys, whereas larger increments from 8 to 11 and 11 to 16 years increased the odds of high BP. Thinness at birth significantly interacted with growth rate after age 8, such that a high rate of weight gain increased risk only among boys who were in the lower two thirds of the body mass index distribution at birth. Results in girls indicated small or no effects of early growth. The synergistic effect on adolescent BP of rapid weight gain from late childhood into adolescence with thinness at birth is further evidence of fetal programming of BP in males and suggests long-term health risks associated with rapid growth, even in the absence of obesity. Key Words: birth weight Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ child growth Ⅲ infant nutrition Ⅲ adolescents M any studies that examine the relation of size at birth to blood pressure (BP) later in life find an inverse relation that is evident or stronger only after controlling for current body size. 1 Children at greatest risk of high BP and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are typically those who are relatively small at birth but relatively large at the time when CVD risk is assessed. This suggests an important role for postnatal changes in body size. 2 A recent review 3 identified numerous studies that associated more rapid postnatal growth with increased BP in childhood or adulthood. However, there remain important questions about whether the timing of rapid growth affects later risk of disease. A higher-than-average rate of early postnatal growth is often observed among infants who were growth restricted in utero and is generally regarded as a desirable marker of infant health. For children in developed countries, rapid growth in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased

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“…Several systematic reviews have reported inverse associations between birth weight and blood pressure (Huxley et al 2000), serum glucose level (Whincup et al 2008), total cholesterol concentration (Owen et al 2003) and metabolic syndrome (Silveira and Horta 2008). Miura et al (2001) reported inverse associations between birth weight and blood pressure and serum cholesterol in a Japanese cohort population.…”

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confidence: 96%

Association between Low Birth Weight and High Adult Waist-to-Height Ratio in Non-Obese Women: A Cross-sectional Study in a Japanese Population

Harada

Torii

Saruwatari

et al. 2012

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Low birth weight has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. The waist-to-height ratio is a good indicator of risks for these diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between birth weight and adult waist-to-height ratio in a Japanese population. A cross-sectional study, comprised of 851 subjects (401 men and 450 women) aged 35-62 years who were born at full term, was conducted at a medical checkup. The subjects responded to a questionnaire about weight at birth, and data on physical characteristics were collected from the results of the medical checkup. The subjects were stratified with sex and a Body Mass Index of 25 kg/m 2 to elucidate the effects of birth weight on adult waist-to-height ratio. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the physical condition among the 4 birth weight categories. After adjusting for age, alcohol consumption, smoking status and exercise, the height was significantly lower in the birth weight < 2,500 g category among men (P < 0.001) and women (P < 0.001), while the waist-to-height ratio was significantly higher in the birth weight < 2,500 g category, compared with the > 3,500 g category in the non-obese women (P = 0.004), but not in the obese women. In conclusion, low birth weight was independently associated with a low adult height among men and women and with a high adult waist-to-height ratio among non-obese women. Our results suggest that intrauterine environmental insults might lead to accumulation of visceral fat among non-obese women.

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Birth Weight, Childhood Growth, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Japanese Aged 20 Years

Cited by 92 publications

References 36 publications

Birth Weight and Lipids in a National Birth Cohort Study

Birth Weight and Lipids in a National Birth Cohort Study

Rapid Child Growth Raises Blood Pressure in Adolescent Boys Who Were Thin at Birth

Association between Low Birth Weight and High Adult Waist-to-Height Ratio in Non-Obese Women: A Cross-sectional Study in a Japanese Population

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