Birth outcomes related to informal e-waste recycling in Guiyu, China

Xu, Xijin; Yang, Hui; Chen, Aimin; Zhou, Yulin; Wu, Kusheng; Liu, Junxiao; Zhang, Yuling; Huo, Xia

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.006

Cited by 131 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The high concentration of the chemicals can cause severe degradation in the groundwater quality and palatability to human consumption. This has been implicated with human gastrointestinal irritation and laxative effects [28,31], abnormal sperm quality [70], chromosome aberration and DNA damage [71], and reduced fecundity and adverse birth effects [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Cytogenotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Electronic Waste Leachate and Contaminated Well Water

et al. 2013

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Environmental, plant and animal exposure to hazardous substances from electronic wastes (e-wastes) in Nigeria is increasing. In this study, the potential cytogenotoxicity of e-wastes leachate and contaminated well water samples obtained from Alaba International Electronic Market in Lagos, Nigeria, using induction of chromosome and root growth anomalies in Allium cepa, and micronucleus (MN) in peripheral erythrocytes of Clarias gariepinus, was evaluated. The possible cause of DNA damage via the assessments of liver malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as indicators of oxidative stress in mice was also investigated. There was significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of root growth and mitosis in A. cepa. Cytological aberrations such as spindle disturbance, C-mitosis and binucleated cells, and morphological alterations like tumor and twisting roots were also induced. There was concentration-dependent, significant (p < 0.05) induction of micronucleated erythrocytes and nuclear abnormalities such as blebbed nuclei and binucleated erythrocytes in C. gariepinus. A significant increase (p < 0.001) in CAT, GSH and MDA with concomitant decrease in SOD concentrations were observed in the treated mice. Pb, As, Cu, Cr, and Cd analyzed in the tested samples contributed significantly to these observations. This shows that the well water samples and leachate contained substances capable of inducing somatic OPEN ACCESSChallenges 2013, 4 170 mutation and oxidative stress in living cells; and this is of health importance in countries with risk of e-wastes exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Cytogenotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Electronic Waste Leachate and Contaminated Well Water

et al. 2013

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“…Our previous studies showed that children living in Guiyu had significantly higher Pb, Cd, Cr and Mn levels in blood compared to the reference area (Huo et al, 2007;Zheng et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2013a;Xu et al, 2015). Guiyu neonates also had higher Pb, Cd and Mn levels in blood (Li et al, 2008a(Li et al, , b, 2011Xu et al, 2012). These findings highlight the importance of the assessment of heavy metal exposure and risk for people living in e-waste recycling area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ambient Air Heavy Metals in PM2.5 and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment in an Informal Electronic-Waste Recycling Site of China

Zheng

Yekeen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, we characterized the concentration of heavy metals in PM 2.5 in the community with e-waste dismantling, Guiyu, China and assessed potential public health risk associated with heavy metal composition of PM 2.5 for local residents. Daily samples of PM 2.5 were collected with Harvard Impactors on the roof of 3-story buildings from March 2012-April 2013 in Guiyu (n = 133) and seasonal samples were collected in a reference site, Haojiang (n = 33). The concentrations of PM 2.5 mass and heavy metals were analyzed gravimetrically and by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. The geometric mean concentrations of PM 2.5 , Pb and Cd in Guiyu were higher than in the reference area (PM 2.5 : 49.9 µg m -3 vs. 37.6 , p < 0.01; Pb: 160 ng m -3 vs. 69 ng m vs. 16 ng m -3 , p > 0.05). The metal concentrations in PM 2.5 from Guiyu were also higher when compared to other Asian cities. We observed higher heavy metal concentrations during winter and spring than summer and fall. Human health risk assessment showed that the total potential cancer risk for both adults and children are higher than the safe acceptable range recommended by the US EPA. Furthermore, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic elements in PM 2.5 pose higher public health risk to children than adults. The results indicate that air pollution emitted from informal e-waste recycling activities might be affecting the health of local residents, especially children.

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“…However, persistent factual and perceived issues with the activities of the informal sector, such as occupational and public H&S, child labour, uncontrolled pollutant flows, untaxed activities, association with crime and political collusion, and incompatibility with the image of a modern city (Medina, 2000;Patwary et al, 2011;Wilson et al, 2006;Xu et al, 2012) result in poor inclusion/integration into official systems, despite the longstanding efforts of external support organisations, such as international donors and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) (e.g. Gunsilius et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analytical framework and tool (‘InteRa’) for integrating the informal recycling sector in waste and resource management systems in developing countries

et al. 2012

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In low-and middle-income developing countries, the informal (collection and) recycling sector (here abbreviated IRS) is an important, but often unrecognised, part of a city's solid waste and resources management system. Recent evidence shows recycling rates of 20-30% achieved by IRS systems, reducing collection and disposal costs. They play a vital role in the value chain by reprocessing waste into secondary raw materials, providing a livelihood to around 0.5% of urban populations. However, persisting factual and perceived problems are associated with IRS (waste-picking): occupational and public health and safety (H&S), child labour, uncontrolled pollution, untaxed activities, crime and political collusion. Increasingly, incorporating IRS as a legitimate stakeholder and functional part of solid waste management (SWM) is attempted, further building recycling rates in an affordable way while also addressing the negatives. Based on a literature review and a practitioner's workshop, here we develop a systematic framework-or typology-for classifying and analysing possible interventions to promote the integration of IRS in a city's SWM system. Three primary interfaces are identified: between the IRS and the SWM system, the materials and value chain, and society as a whole; underlain by a fourth, which is focused on organisation and empowerment. To maximise the potential for success, IRS integration/inclusion/formalisation initiatives should consider all four categories in a balanced way and pay increased attention to their interdependencies, which are central to success, including specific actions, such as the IRS having access to source separated waste. A novel rapid evaluation and visualisation tool is presented-integration radar (diagram) or InterRa-aimed at illustrating the degree to which a planned or existing intervention considers each of the four categories. The tool is further demonstrated by application to 10 cases around the world, including a step-by-step guide.

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Birth outcomes related to informal e-waste recycling in Guiyu, China

Cited by 131 publications

References 43 publications

In Vivo Cytogenotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Electronic Waste Leachate and Contaminated Well Water

In Vivo Cytogenotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Electronic Waste Leachate and Contaminated Well Water

Ambient Air Heavy Metals in PM2.5 and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment in an Informal Electronic-Waste Recycling Site of China

An analytical framework and tool (‘InteRa’) for integrating the informal recycling sector in waste and resource management systems in developing countries

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