Birth Order and Intellectual Development: The Confluence Model in the Light of Cross-Cultural Evidence

Davis, Daniel J.; Cahan, Sorel; Bashi, Joseph

doi:10.1126/science.867047

Cited by 56 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The highest value for the growth constant k was obtained in the simulation of the American data, which consisted of the intelligence test scores of a population of National Merit Scholarship Qualification Test candidates who could be expected to perform higher than average on such tests. The obtained k for the Western Israeli sample is nearly twice that found for the Oriental Israeli sample, whose average test scores were about one standard deviation lower than those of the Western Israelis (Davis et al, 1976). The Dutch, French, and Scottish k-values are very similar, corresponding to the similarity of the samples that were tested.…”

supporting

confidence: 52%

“…Davis et al (1976) published mathematical achievement test data of 14-year-old Israeli students as a function of family size and birth order. The data consist of the arithmetic computation and mathematical problem-solving subtests of a standard achievement test given to all eighth-grade students in Israel.…”

Section: Data Sets On Family Configuration Factors and Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in another data set (Davis, Cahan, & Bashi, 1976), the birth order effect is negative only for small families. In that data set, large families show a distinct parabolic trend in birth order effect, with an upswing in intellectual scores among the lower birtlr ranks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The confluence model: Parameter estimation for six divergent data sets on family factors and intelligence

Zajonc

Bargh

1980

Intelligence

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Theoretical predictions, based on the confluence model, were made for data from six national surveys of intellectual performance. All six surveys relate intellectual performance scores to family configuration variables. Widely divergent patterns of relationships between the major family factors, such as birth order and family size, and intellectual performance scores characterize the six data sets. Nevertheless, the confluence model was capable of accurate prediction in all cases when all three parameters were estimated. Little accuracy was lost using only two parameters. Variations in the estimated parameter values that reflected the variations in patterns of effects could be meaningfully interpreted for their psychological significance.The effects of family configuration variables, such as family size, birth order, and spacing between siblings, on intellectual growth were recently described by means of the confluence model (Zajonc & Markus, 1975). A reparametrization of this model was subsequently employed to explicate the conflicting results reported in the birth order literature (Zajonc, Markus, & Markus, 1979). This paper reports more stringent and extensive tests of the confluence model than have been carried out thus far. A variety of data sets on the relationship between family configuration variables, such as birth order and family size on the one hand, and intellectual performance scores on the other, have been compiled and the parameters of the model were estimated for these data. These data sets, which come from large national intelligence surveys, show markedly divergent patterns of results. Thus, for example, in one data

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supporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Data Sets On Family Configuration Factors and Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The confluence model: Parameter estimation for six divergent data sets on family factors and intelligence

Zajonc

Bargh

1980

Intelligence

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“…Selv om det ikke finnes noen formelle teorier knyttet til forskjeller i utnyttelse av slike ordninger, blir denne typen eksterne forklaringer ofte trukket frem i den komparativt orienterte delen av litteraturen (Angrist et al 2010;Davis, Cahan & 12. Kravene til design gjør at en slik forklaring ikke lar seg teste i modellene.…”

Section: Diskusjonunclassified

“…Kravene til design gjør at en slik forklaring ikke lar seg teste i modellene. 1977;Rosenblatt & Skoogberg 1974). Det er rimelig å forvente at måten man forholder seg til og benytter seg av institusjonelle ordninger som for eksempel barnehage, pengestøtte etc., vil kunne variere mellom grupper med utgangspunkt i både kunnskaps-og holdningsforskjeller.…”

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Fødselsrekkefølge og utdanningsoppnåelse:Har foreldrenes landbakgrunn betydning?

Isungset¹,

Lillehagen²,

Ugreninov³

2017

TfS

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Forsker, NOVA -Norsk institutt for forskning om oppvekst, velferd og aldring elisabeth.ugreninov@nova.hioa.no SAMMENDRAG Innen samfunnsforskningen er sosial bakgrunn en av hovedforklaringene på utdanningog yrkesoppnåelse i voksen alder. Samtidig har en lang forskningstradisjon vist at det er forskjeller mellom søsken i samme familie i sosioøkonomiske forhold, også kjent som fød-selsrekkefølgeeffekter. Betydningen av denne typen effekter har blitt dokumentert på en overbevisende og grundig måte de siste årene, men vi mangler studier av viktige undergrupper. I denne artikkelen benytter vi registerdata til å sammenlikne fødselsrekkefølgeef-fekter blant majoritetsbefolkningen og blant barn av innvandrere. Vi utfører separate analyser for de største gruppene av norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre. Resultatene for majoritetsbefolkningen bekrefter tidligere funn: Ved 25 års alder har førstefødte et halvt år lengre utdanning enn fjerde-og senerefødte i samme familie. Blant norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre finner vi imidlertid få eller ingen forskjeller mellom søsken i samme familie. Dette funnet er viktig i lys av tidligere teori og empiri, som fremhever fødselsrekkeføl-geeffekter som noe en skulle forvente å finne uavhengig av kulturell bakgrunn. Vi foreslår forskjeller i familiesosialisering og institusjonell tilpasning som mulige forklaringer.

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Analysing effects of birth order on intelligence, educational attainment, big five and risk aversion in an Indonesian sample

2020

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Few studies have examined birth order effects on personality in countries that are not Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD). However, theories have generally suggested that interculturally universal family dynamics are the mechanism behind birth order effects, and prominent theories such as resource dilution would predict even stronger linear effects in poorer countries. Here, we examine a subset of up to 11 188 participants in the Indonesian Family Life Survey to investigate whether later-borns differ from earlier-borns in intelligence, educational attainment, Big Five, and risk aversion. Analyses were performed using within-family designs in mixed-effects models. In model comparisons, we tested for linear and non-linear birth order effects as well as for possible interactions of birth order and sibship size. Our estimated effect sizes are consistent with the emerging account of birth order as having relatively little impact on intelligence, Big Five, and risk aversion. We found a non-linear pattern for educational attainment that was not robust to imputation of missing data and not aligned with trends in WEIRD countries. Overall, the small birth order effects reported in other studies appear to be culturally specific.

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Birth Order and Intellectual Development: The Confluence Model in the Light of Cross-Cultural Evidence

Cited by 56 publications

References 4 publications

The confluence model: Parameter estimation for six divergent data sets on family factors and intelligence

The confluence model: Parameter estimation for six divergent data sets on family factors and intelligence

Fødselsrekkefølge og utdanningsoppnåelse:Har foreldrenes landbakgrunn betydning?

Analysing effects of birth order on intelligence, educational attainment, big five and risk aversion in an Indonesian sample

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