Birth-and-Death Long-Term Evolution Promotes Histone H2B Variant Diversification in the Male Germinal Cell Line

González-Romero, Rodrigo; Rivera-Casas, Ciro; Ausió, Juan; Méndez, Josefina; Eirín‐López, José M.

doi:10.1093/molbev/msq058

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…8A) suggests that electrostatic potentials constitute critical targets for selection during the evolution of these chaperones. Thus, it appears that modifications in key residues affecting the overall electrostatic potential could constitute the mechanistic basis for the functional differentiation of NASP and NPM types, as it has been previously reported for the case of histones (122). Figure 8.…”

Section: Molecular Evolution Of Nasp and Npmmentioning

confidence: 64%

Vertebrate nucleoplasmin and NASP: egg histone storage proteins with multiple chaperone activities

et al. 2012

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Recent reviews have focused on the structure and function of histone chaperones involved in different aspects of somatic cell chromatin metabolism. One of the most dramatic chromatin remodeling processes takes place immediately after fertilization and is mediated by egg histone storage chaperones. These include members of the nucleoplasmin (NPM2/NPM3), which are preferentially associated with histones H2A-H2B in the egg and the nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (NASP) families. Interestingly, in addition to binding and providing storage to H3/H4 in the egg and in somatic cells, NASP has been shown to be a unique genuine chaperone for histone H1. This review revolves around the structural and functional roles of these two families of chaperones whose activity is modulated by their own post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly phosphorylation. Beyond their important role in the remodeling of paternal chromatin in the early stages of embryogenesis, NPM and NASP members can interact with a plethora of proteins in addition to histones in somatic cells and play a critical role in processes of functional cell alteration, such as in cancer. Despite their common presence in the egg, these two histone chaperones appear to be evolutionarily unrelated. In contrast to members of the NPM family, which share a common monophyletic evolutionary origin, the different types of NASP appear to have evolved recurrently within different taxa.

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Section: Molecular Evolution Of Nasp and Npmmentioning

confidence: 64%

Vertebrate nucleoplasmin and NASP: egg histone storage proteins with multiple chaperone activities

et al. 2012

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“…Finally, one H2B variant has been reported in plants, gH2B from Lilium longiflorum, which is involved in packaging of chromatin in pollen (112). In a recent study, the evolution of histone H2B variants has been analyzed (113). Authors propose a birth-and-death long term evolution: new gene copies are generated by gene duplication ("birth" process) that are under a strong selective pressure acting at the protein level that can inactivate a gene ("death" process), which then remains as a pseudogene for long periods of time in the genome.…”

Section: Histone H2b and H4: Linage Specific Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors propose a birth-and-death long term evolution: new gene copies are generated by gene duplication ("birth" process) that are under a strong selective pressure acting at the protein level that can inactivate a gene ("death" process), which then remains as a pseudogene for long periods of time in the genome. This evolutionary process would eventually lead to the functional differentiation of a new gene copy (113).…”

Section: Histone H2b and H4: Linage Specific Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canonical and variant histones of protozoan parasites

Dalmasso

Sullivan²,

Angel

2011

Front Biosci

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Protozoan parasites have tremendously diverse lifestyles that require adaptation to a remarkable assortment of different environmental conditions. In order to complete their life cycles, protozoan parasites rely on fine-tuning gene expression. In general, protozoa use novel regulatory elements, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms to regulate their transcriptomes. One of the most surprising findings includes the nature of their histones--these primitive eukaryotes lack some histones yet harbor novel histone variants of unknown function. In this review, we describe the histone components of different protozoan parasites based on literature and database searching. We summarize the key discoveries regarding histones and histone variants and their impact on chromatin regulation in protozoan parasites. In addition, we list histone genes IDs, sequences, and genomic localization of several protozoan parasites and Microsporidia histones, obtained from a thorough search of genome databases. We then compare these findings with those observed in higher eukaryotes, allowing us to highlight some novel aspects of epigenetic regulation in protists and to propose questions to be addressed in the upcoming years.

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“…Canonical histones H3, H4 and H2A have evolved under very strong purifying selection; each class of histones has nearly identical HFDs across all eukaryotes (>80% a.a. identity) (Malik and Henikoff 2003;Draizen, et al 2016). Although H2B proteins display more divergence, they remain exceptionally well conserved since the origins of eukaryotes (>50% a.a. identity) (Malik and Henikoff 2003;Gonzalez-Romero, et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary origins and diversification of testis-specific short histone H2A variants in mammals

Molaro

Young

Malik

2017

Preprint

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Eukaryotic genomes must accomplish the tradeoff between compact packaging for genome stability and inheritance, and accessibility for gene expression. They do so using post-translational modifications of four ancient canonical histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), and by deploying histone variants with specialized chromatin functions. While some histone variants are highly conserved across eukaryotes, others carry out lineage-specific functions. Here, we characterize the evolution of male germline-specific "short H2A variants", which wrap shorter DNA fragments than canonical H2A. In addition to three previously described H2A.B, H2A.L and H2A.P variants, we describe a novel, extremely short H2A histone variant: H2A.Q. We show that H2A.B, H2A.L, H2A.P and H2A.Q are most closely related to a novel, more canonical mmH2A variant found only in monotremes and marsupials. Using phylogenomics, we trace the origins and early diversification of short histone variants into four distinct clades to the ancestral X chromosome of placental mammals. We show that short H2A variants further diversified by repeated lineage-specific amplifications and losses, including pseudogenization of H2A.L in many primates. We also uncover evidence for concerted evolution of H2A.B and H2A.L genes by gene conversion in many species, involving loci separated by large distances. Finally, we find that short H2As evolve more rapidly than any other histone variant, with evidence that positive selection has acted upon H2A.P in primates. Based on their X chromosomal location and pattern of genetic innovation, we speculate that short H2A histone variants are engaged in a form of genetic conflict involving the mammalian sex chromosomes. IntroductionNucleosomes are the basic unit of chromatin in practically all eukaryotes. A typical nucleosome particle wraps 150bp of DNA around an octamer of four histone proteins: H3, H4, H2A and H2B (Kornberg 1974;Kornberg and Thomas 1974;Malik and Henikoff 2003). These four canonical "core" histone proteins have a stereotypical structure characterized by alpha-helices comprising a "histone fold domain" (HFD) (Luger, et al. 1997). During nucleosome assembly, the HFD mediates dimerization of H3 with H4, and that of H2A with H2B, and contains the nucleosome-DNA interface. Nucleosomes thus comprise a central core of a H3-H4 tetramer, flanked by two H2A-H2B dimers. In contrast to their HFD, the N-and C-terminal tails of canonical histones are far less structured and remain solvent-exposed in the nucleosome.. CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/165936 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 20, 2017; 3 Nucleosomes can prevent other cellular factors, such as transcription factors, from interacting with DNA. While the post-translational modification of histone tails play an important role in regulating these interactions, eukaryotic genomes also establish diverse chroma...

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Birth-and-Death Long-Term Evolution Promotes Histone H2B Variant Diversification in the Male Germinal Cell Line

Cited by 20 publications

References 63 publications

Vertebrate nucleoplasmin and NASP: egg histone storage proteins with multiple chaperone activities

Vertebrate nucleoplasmin and NASP: egg histone storage proteins with multiple chaperone activities

Canonical and variant histones of protozoan parasites

Evolutionary origins and diversification of testis-specific short histone H2A variants in mammals

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