Birds of Nepal: Their Status and Conservation Especially with Regards to Watershed Perspectives

Baral, Hem Sagar; Inskipp, Carol

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36275-1_22

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A general altitudinal trend observed about the species distribution around the globe is: regions closer to the tropics are species-rich because of the availability of diverse habitat (Brown 2014 ) whereas temperate high-altitudes are species-poor as they have large areas of similar habitat, resulting in species-specialized regions (Zou et al 2016 ). A similar pattern is observed for avian fauna in Nepal; lowland regions of Nepal harbors a higher number of species while high mountains are species-poor (Baral and Inskipp 2020 ). About > 550 resident avian species undergo altitudinal migration (Inskipp et al 2016 ), e.g.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Exploring potentialities of avian genomic research in Nepalese Himalayas

et al. 2021

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Nepal, a small landlocked country in South Asia, holds about 800 km of Himalayan Mountain range including the Earth’s highest mountain. Within such a mountain range in the north and plain lowlands in the south, Nepal provides a habitat for about 9% of global avian fauna. However, this diversity is underrated because of the lack of enough studies, especially using molecular tools to quantify and understand the distribution patterns of diversity. In this study, we reviewed the studies in the last two decades (2000‒2019) that used molecular methods to study the biodiversity in Nepal to examine the ongoing research trend and focus. Although Nepalese Himalaya has many opportunities for cutting-edge molecular research, our results indicated that the rate of genetic/genomic studies is much slower compared to the regional trends. We found that genetic research in Nepal heavily relies on resources from international institutes and that too is mostly limited to research on species monitoring, distribution, and taxonomic validations. Local infrastructures to carry out cutting-edge genomic research in Nepal are still in their infancy and there is a strong need for support from national/international scientists, universities, and governmental agencies to expand such genomic infrastructures in Nepal. We particularly highlight avian fauna as a potential future study system in this region that can be an excellent resource to explore key biological questions such as understanding eco-physiology and molecular basis of organismal persistence to changing environment, evolutionary processes underlying divergence and speciation, or mechanisms of endemism and restrictive distribution of species.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…About > 550 resident avian species undergo altitudinal migration (Inskipp et al 2016 ), e.g. White-tailed Rubythroat ( Luscinia pectoralis ) and West Himalayan Bush Warbler ( Locustella kashmirensis ), which breed in the high Himalayas but migrate to lower altitude in winter (Baral and Inskipp 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring potentialities of avian genomic research in Nepalese Himalayas

et al. 2021

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“…There is little information on the diet of the Wood Snipe, except that it is said to consume worms, aquatic insects, and perhaps seeds (Baral et al 1996). We observed individuals feeding on earthworms during the survey, but we still assumed that all visible soil macroinvertebrates would be potential food resources in our analysis since we can not rule out the possibility that other soil fauna are also consumed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat selection and population status of breeding Wood Snipe Gallinago nemoricola in an alpine meadow in Sichuan, China

Ren

Zhang²,

Huang³

et al. 2023

Bird Conservation International

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Summary The Wood Snipe Gallinago nemoricola is one of the least known shorebird species, and its habitat associations are very poorly understood. Here we provide the first assessment of the habitat use of the Wood Snipe during the breeding season. Between May and July 2021 at a 4-km2 alpine meadow in Sichuan province, China, we conducted population surveys and behavioural observations to identify sites where breeding Wood Snipe occurred and foraged. We quantified the habitat characteristics and food resource availability of these sites and compared them with randomly selected “background” sites. Comparison between 34 occurrence sites and 25 background sites indicated that during the breeding season, Wood Snipes are not distributed evenly across alpine meadow habitats, but preferred habitats in the lower part (3,378–3,624 m) of the alpine meadow with intermediate levels of soil moisture. In addition, comparison between 17 foraging sites and 24 background sites showed that the Wood Snipe tended to forage at sites with higher soil fauna abundance. We found weak evidence for denser vegetation cover at its height and no evidence for other biotic habitat variables such as vegetation composition or other abiotic habitat variables such as slope, soil penetrability, or disturbance level to influence Wood Snipe habitat associations. Our results suggest that the actual distribution range of the Wood Snipe during the breeding season may be smaller than expected from the extent of apparently suitable habitat. We advise caution in evaluating the potential habitat availability and distribution of the Wood Snipe, and call for further research to better understand the ecology of this rare species to inform its conservation.

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“…Birds are important indicators of the health of freshwater ecosystems (Zakaria & Rajpar 2010;Inskipp et al 2017;Baral & Inskipp 2020;Brotherton et al 2020). Past studies have highlighted that Nepal's freshwater diversity has been threatened by different factors, including construction of dams, point source and non-point source pollution, habitat encroachment by invasive species, overharvesting, and recent global environmental changes (Khatiwada et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bird diversity in protected and non-protected wetlands of western lowland of Nepal

Adhikari¹,

Khatiwada

Adhikari³

et al. 2022

J. Threat. Taxa

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Protected areas are considered important for biodiversity conservation, however, studies have shown that habitats outside protected areas can also support high diversity and are important for biodiversity conservation. In this context, we compared the bird diversity between protected (Rani Taal in Shuklaphanta National Park) and non-protected (Sati Karnali Taal) wetlands in western Nepal. Bird surveys were conducted from February to August 2019, using open width point count method in 100 m intervals along transects. A total of 122 species belonging to 18 orders and 44 families were recorded from the protected wetland, and 107 species belonging to 16 orders and 41 families from the non-protected wetland area. Insectivores had high abundance in both wetlands (43% and 47% in protected and non-protected wetlands, respectively). Forest-dependent birds were more abundant in protected wetland compared to non-protected wetland. Our study showed that both protected and non-protected wetlands along with agricultural landscapes, support a richness of birds. Hence priority should be given to both wetlands for the conservation of birds.

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Birds of Nepal: Their Status and Conservation Especially with Regards to Watershed Perspectives

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Exploring potentialities of avian genomic research in Nepalese Himalayas

Exploring potentialities of avian genomic research in Nepalese Himalayas

Habitat selection and population status of breeding Wood Snipe Gallinago nemoricola in an alpine meadow in Sichuan, China

Comparison of bird diversity in protected and non-protected wetlands of western lowland of Nepal

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