BirdLifeInternational/track2kba: First Release

Beal, Martin; Oppel, Steffen; Handley, Jonathan; Pearmain, Lizzie; Morera‐Pujol, Virginia; Miller, Mark D.; Taylor, Phil; Lascelles, Ben; Dias, Maria P.

doi:10.5281/zenodo.3823902

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Trip Delineation GPS tracks were partitioned into foraging trips (Table 1) using the "track2KBA" package, and the "tripSummary" function in particular (Beal et al, 2020). Trips were delineated based on the proximity of points to the colony, with a "trip" being defined as having a minimum travel distance of 68 km and a minimum duration of 8 h. These values were based on manual examination of a sample of GPS tracks and on return and departure data from Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags (borne by birds that did not have a GPS device) on Gull Island (DF, unpublished data).…”

Section: Analysis Of Gps Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging Paths of Breeding Leach’s Storm-Petrels in Relation to Offshore Oil Platforms, Breeding Stage, and Year

et al. 2022

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The global population of Leach’s Storm-Petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous), the smallest and most abundant breeding seabird species in eastern Canada, has declined substantially in recent decades. The species is listed as “Threatened” by the Committee On the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) and as “Vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Fatal attraction to anthropogenic light is a major risk for Leach’s Storm-Petrels and many other nocturnal seabirds. From May to September each year, Leach’s Storm-Petrels in eastern Canada breed in island colonies and travel many hundreds of kilometers to obtain prey for themselves and their chick. At the species’ largest colonies in eastern Newfoundland, brightly illuminated oil production platforms intersect breeding storm-petrels’ foraging paths. The level of risk posed by these platforms is poorly understood. GPS tracking from 2016 to 2021 at one of the world’s largest colonies revealed considerable similarity in foraging trip distance, location, and behavior (inferred from Hidden Markov Models) among years, and a decrease in trip distance and duration between incubation and chick-rearing. Leach’s Storm-Petrels flew within the light catch-basin of an oil platform in 17.5% of trips, and the birds tended to transit rapidly past platforms during the day when light attraction is minimal. Exposure to oil platforms at night occurred in only 1.1% of trips. Despite our findings, Leach’s Storm-Petrels are known to strand on oil platforms in large numbers, especially during the fledging period. In addition, storm-petrels migrate over great distances and are likely exposed to brightly illuminated oceanic oil platforms outside the breeding season. Our results emphasize the need to focus conservation research on risks during migration and winter, and on juveniles and immature birds.

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Section: Analysis Of Gps Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging Paths of Breeding Leach’s Storm-Petrels in Relation to Offshore Oil Platforms, Breeding Stage, and Year

et al. 2022

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“…This is unlikely for data sets with low temporal resolution location data (Bradshaw et al 2007, Weimerskirch et al 2007). (2) Alternatively, therefore, we defined h as the median standard deviation of the variance of longitude and latitude for each foraging trip, while taking into account the number of locations (i.e., reference bandwidth hereafter, href method) (Beal et al 2020). We recognise other potentially suitable approaches are available to define h (Kie et al 2010, Beal et al 2020.…”

Section: Identification Of Pkbasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlap between marine predators and proposed Marine Managed Areas on the Patagonian Shelf

Baylis

Lecea

Tierney

et al. 2021

Ecological Applications

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Static (fixed‐boundary) protected areas are key ocean conservation strategies, and marine higher predator distribution data can play a leading role toward identifying areas for conservation action. The Falkland Islands are a globally significant site for colonial breeding marine higher predators (i.e., seabirds and pinnipeds). However, overlap between marine predators and Falkland Islands proposed Marine Managed Areas (MMAs) has not been quantified. Hence, to provide information required to make informed decisions regarding the implementation of proposed MMAs, our aims were to objectively assess how the proposed MMA network overlaps with contemporary estimates of marine predator distribution. We collated tracking data (1999–2019) and used a combination of kernel density estimation and model‐based predictions of spatial usage to quantify overlap between colonial breeding marine predators and proposed Falkland Islands MMAs. We also identified potential IUCN Key Biodiversity Areas (pKBAs) using (1) kernel density based methods originally designed to identify Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) and (2) habitat preference models. The proposed inshore MMA, which extends three nautical miles from the Falkland Islands, overlapped extensively with areas used by colonial breeding marine predators. This reflects breeding colonies being distributed throughout the Falklands archipelago, and use being high adjacent to colonies due to central‐place foraging constraints. Up to 45% of pKBAs identified via kernel density estimation were located within the proposed MMAs. In particular, the proposed Jason Islands Group MMA overlapped with pKBAs for three marine predator species, suggesting it is a KBA hot spot. However, tracking data coverage was incomplete, which biased pKBAs identified using kernel density methods, to colonies tracked. Moreover, delineation of pKBA boundaries were sensitive to the choice of smoothing parameter used in kernel density estimation. Delineation based on habitat model predictions for both sampled and unsampled colonies provided less biased estimates, and revealed 72% of the Falkland Islands Conservation Zone was likely a KBA. However, it may not be practical to consider such a large area for fixed‐boundary management. In the context of wide‐ranging marine predators, emerging approaches such as dynamic ocean management could complement static management frameworks such as MMAs, and provide protection at relevant spatiotemporal scales.

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“…and with the resulting dataset we followed the workflow of the package "track2kba" (Beal et al, 2020) to obtain rasterized abundance maps proportional to the colony sizes. We obtained 21 raster layers, seven for Cory's shearwater colonies, 12 for Scopoli's shearwater colonies and two for Cape Verde shearwater colonies.…”

Section: Examples Of Applicability Of the Developed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before proceeding with the analysis, we calculated the representativeness of our sample at each of the colonies, using the repAssess function from the package "track2kba" (Beal et al, 2020;Beal, Oppel, et al, 2021). This function performs a representativity test to estimate how many trips would be necessary to accurately represent the distribution of the entire colony, and how far away the current sample size is from that number.…”

Section: Spatial Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to detect spatial biases in tracking studies caused by differential representativeness of individuals, populations and time

Morera‐Pujol

Catry

Magalhães³

et al. 2022

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Over the last decades, the study of movement through tracking data has grown exceeding the expectations of movement ecologists. This has posed new challenges, specifically when using individual tracking data to infer higher-level distributions (e.g. population and species). Sources of variability such as individual site fidelity (ISF), environmental stochasticity over time, and space-use variability across species ranges must be considered, and their effects identified and corrected, to produce accurate estimates of spatial distribution using tracking data. Innovation:We developed R functions to detect the effect of these sources of variability in the distribution of animal groups when inferred from individual tracking data.These procedures can be adapted for their use in most tracking datasets and tracking techniques. We demonstrated our procedures with simulated datasets and showed their applicability on a real-world dataset containing 1346 year-round migratory trips from 805 individuals of three closely related seabird species breeding in 34 colonies in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, spanning 10 years. We detected an effect of ISF in one of the colonies, but no effect of the environmental stochasticity on the distribution of birds for any of the species. We also identified among-colony variability in nonbreeding space use for one species, with significant effects of population size and longitude. Main conclusions:This work provides a useful, much-needed tool for researchers using animal tracking data to model species distributions or establish conservation measures. This methodology may be applied in studies using individual tracking data to accurately infer the distribution of a population or species and support the delineation of important areas for conservation based on tracking data. This step, designed to precede any analysis, has become increasingly relevant with the proliferation of studies using large tracking datasets that has accompanied the globalization process in science driving collaborations and tracking data sharing initiatives.

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BirdLifeInternational/track2kba: First Release

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Foraging Paths of Breeding Leach’s Storm-Petrels in Relation to Offshore Oil Platforms, Breeding Stage, and Year

Foraging Paths of Breeding Leach’s Storm-Petrels in Relation to Offshore Oil Platforms, Breeding Stage, and Year

Overlap between marine predators and proposed Marine Managed Areas on the Patagonian Shelf

Methods to detect spatial biases in tracking studies caused by differential representativeness of individuals, populations and time

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