Bird's substitute tests results and evaluation of available numerical methods

Lavoie, Marie-Anne; Gakwaya, A.; Ensan, M. Nejad; Zimcik, D. G.; Nandlall, D.

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.03.009

Cited by 82 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A similar result has been observed by [22] for a SPH bird. This paper focusses on the pressure peak by combining the use of dense meshes and forcing more output in time, to prove that the numerical model predicts the shock pressure quite well, independent of the contact area and without filtering.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Numerical and experimental investigation of the shock and steady state pressures in the bird material during bird strike

Allaeys

Luyckx

Paepegem

et al. 2017

International Journal of Impact Engineering

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The impact of a bird on a structure can, in the first place, be characterized by the pressure exerted on that structure. In bird strike research, the first step towards bird strike modelling is therefore often the investigation of these impact pressures. During impact, two subsequent regimes can be distinguished: a shock and steady state regime. These regimes are characterized by an initially very high shock pressure and a much lower steady state pressure. How relevant the shock regime is during bird strike however can still be questioned. This paper will reveal some key parameters that influence the shock regime, based on the conclusions of several SPH simulations and an experimental test campaign. A zoom on the numerically obtained shock pressure pulse is made, which shows that the impact pressure and duration correspond very well with the theory.Slight tilting of the projectile however can increase the pressure up to 190% of the analytical value. The elastic energy as a measure for the presence of the shock regime is introduced. This shows that the shock regime is relatively negligible for hemispherical ends. The steady state pressures obtained from the simulations are investigated and finally, the analytical values and numerical results are compared to a series of experimental impact pressure measurements with real and (porous) gelatine birds.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Numerical and experimental investigation of the shock and steady state pressures in the bird material during bird strike

Allaeys

Luyckx

Paepegem

et al. 2017

International Journal of Impact Engineering

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“…Their results gave an idea of the main impact forces. More recent work on rigid plates exists as well [9]. Deformable flat plate experiments and simulations were performed on clamped aluminium square plates [10,11], on square prestressed composite plates clamped on two sides and simply supported on the other sides [12,13] and clamped on one side [14][15][16] or circular composite plates clamped over their entire edge in [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of real and substitute birds through experimental and numerical analysis of momentum, average impact force and residual energy in bird strike on three rigid targets: A flat plate, a wedge and a splitter

Allaeys

Luyckx

Paepegem

et al. 2017

International Journal of Impact Engineering

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To validate the increasingly used numerical models for optimization and verification of the designs subjected to bird strike, initial (calibration) tests are a necessity prior to full scale testing. Bird strike calibration tests on rigid targets specifically, give a valuable insight in the complex behaviour of a bird. This paper presents the results of a series of bird strike tests and simulations on three rigid targets (a plate, a wedge and a splitter) to quantify the forces originating from the change of momentum and splitting of the bird. In this study, momentum transfer is the key parameter to compare birds with different masses, materials, speeds, etc., as proposed in the reference works from the 20 th century. The main purpose of this paper is fourfold: (i) to introduce another way to measure momentum transfer on these kinds of structures and therefore get more consistent results, (ii) to show that gelatine generates similar impact forces as real birds, (iii) to point out that apart from the change of direction of the momentum, the deviatoric and/or dissipating constitutive behaviour of the bird also plays an important role and (iv) to show that a simple plate structure can be used to measure the residual energy of the bird remainders after an impact event. In a series of numerical simulations, the performance of a SPH bird with an EOS material model is used to validate the analytical models.

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“…Different modeling techniques were studied [5] as well as ways to evaluate the reliability of the obtained numerical results. Moreover, since the available experimental data were collected over thirty years ago with the available instrumentation [6], new tests were conducted and results were published by Lavoie et al [7]. This paper describes briefly the developed numerical SPH bird model and compares the obtained results with those from new experimental data.…”

Section: Bird Impact Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental modeling for bird and hail impacts on aircraft structure

Lavoie

Gakwaya

Richard

et al. 2011

Structural Dynamics, Volume 3

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Aircraft bird-strike events are very common and dangerous. Hailstone impacts represent another threat for aircraft structures. As part of the certification process, an aircraft must demonstrate the ability to land safely after impact with a foreign object at normal flight operating speeds. Since experimental studies can be cost prohibitive, validated numerical impact simulation seems to be a viable alternative. Modelling of these soft body impacts still represents a challenge, involving modelling of both the target and the projectile. Here the smooth particle hydrodynamics method (SPH), which has been used successfully in ballistic applications involving bird strike scenarios, is extended to hail impact. The paper thus presents the meshless SPH numerical method as a novel modeling approach. The method is applied to model bird and hail impacts which are problems that traditional FEM based modeling methods typically struggle to solve because of involved mesh distortion problems. The numerical results are then evaluated by comparing with the data collected during recent experimental tests. The data acquisition methods are also described and evaluated for applications where the short duration of the impact presents a challenge. The accuracy of the numerical results allows us to conclude that the models developed can be used in the certification and/or design process of moving (aircraft) and stationary (wind turbines) composite structures subject to bird and hail impact.

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Bird's substitute tests results and evaluation of available numerical methods

Cited by 82 publications

References 6 publications

Numerical and experimental investigation of the shock and steady state pressures in the bird material during bird strike

Numerical and experimental investigation of the shock and steady state pressures in the bird material during bird strike

Characterization of real and substitute birds through experimental and numerical analysis of momentum, average impact force and residual energy in bird strike on three rigid targets: A flat plate, a wedge and a splitter

Numerical and experimental modeling for bird and hail impacts on aircraft structure

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