Bird Abundance and Diversity along an Urban-Rural Gradient: A Comparative Study between Two Cities on Different Continents

Clergeau, Philippe; Savard, Jean‐Pierre L.; Mennechez, Gwenalle; Falardeau, Gilles

doi:10.2307/1369707

Cited by 429 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

260

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A onivoria foi o atributo relacionado à dieta predominante em áreas mais urbanizadas, resultado comum encontrado em outros estudos (tais como Lancaster & Rees, 1979;Clergeau et al, 1998;Jokimäki & Suhonen, 1998;Kark et al, 2007;Croci et al, 2008;Conole & Kirkpatrick, 2011;Vignoli et al, 2013). As espécies onívoras apresentam maior vantagem nas cidades, onde existe uma maior variedade de itens, já que os humanos produzem estes recursos, inclusive o lixo (Clergeau et al, 1998). Carnívoros foram mais presentes em áreas menos urbanizadas, provavelmente pelo fato de nestas áreas existirem ambientes abertos que beneficiam os mesmos devido as suas grandes áreas de vida (Sick, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A abundância tende a ser maior em níveis intermediários de urbanização (Garaffa et al, 2009;Villegas & Garitano-Zavala, 2010) ou apresenta o seu valor máximo em altas intensidades de urbanização (Clergeau et al, 1998). Um dos motivos é o aumento na abundância de espécies sinantrópicas (Donnelly & Marzluff, 2006), sugerindo que comunidades de aves tornam-se cada vez mais densas, porém empobrecidas à medida que aumenta a intensidade de urbanização.…”

unclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

Sacco

Rui

Bergmann

et al. 2015

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Reduction in taxonomic and functional bird diversity in an urban area in Southern Brazil. Urbanization is a globally process studied and considered one of the most drastic environmental disturb on biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate how different intensities of urbanization act in the structure of birds in a medium size city inserted in a wetland area. In addition to the traditional metrics richness, abundance and taxonomic composition, it was found as the functional diversity and redundancy of birds are influenced by urban gradient. The urban area studied was the Pelotas city (31°46''S, 52°20'W) situated at the southernmost part of Brazil in a humid region of Pampa biome. A total of 216 fixed observation points along an urbanization gradient were used to sample the avifauna and four independent variables: number of trees, number of buildings with two or more floors, presence of aquatic habitat, and presence of open habitat. Functional traits of species characterized the biomass, diet, forage substrate and nesting substrate. The richness, abundance and functional diversity of avifauna were negatively related to the increase of urban intensity while the redundancy, different from the expected, did not respond to the urban gradient. The traits related to the areas with more intense urbanization (building with two or more floors) were: preference for foraging in the air, omnivory and cavity nesting. Areas with less intense urbanization (more trees and open habitats) were related to the preference for nesting on vegetation and in lower sites, and carnivory. The study showed the importance of the presence of open and aquatic habitats for the avifauna, landscape features typically not cited in urban studies, which highlight the need to adequate the mitigation actions for conservation efforts inside urban habitats according to the regional pool of species.KEYWORDS. Biotic homogenization, Rao's functional diversity, wetlands, Pampa biome. RESUMO.A urbanização é um processo globalmente estudado e considerado um dos distúrbios mais drásticos sobre a biodiversidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar como diferentes intensidades de urbanização atuam na estruturação da avifauna em uma cidade de tamanho médio e inserida em região de área úmida. Além das métricas tradicionais de riqueza, abundância e composição taxonômica, verificou-se como a diversidade e redundâncias funcionais das aves são influenciadas pelo gradiente urbano. A área urbana estudada foi a cidade de Pelotas (31°46'S, 52°20'W), extremo sul do Brasil, que está inserida em uma área úmida do bioma Pampa. A amostragem das aves e a medida das variáveis urbanas (número de árvores, número de construções de até dois andares ou de mais de dois andares, presença de ambiente aquático e presença de ambiente aberto) foram realizadas em 216 pontos fixos de observação que foram marcados em diferentes intensidades de urbanização. Os atributos funcionais utilizados para caracterizar as espécies foram os relacionados à massa, dieta, substrato de forrageame...

show abstract

Section: Discussionunclassified

unclassified

Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

Sacco

Rui

Bergmann

et al. 2015

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A few studies have compared the diversity of single taxa within cities across continents [13][14][15][16], but the majority of urban biodiversity research has focused on compositional patterns within individual cities. Generalities made on the effects of urbanization on the patterns and drivers of species diversity have been primarily based on studies of individual cities [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urbanization contributes to the loss of the world's biodiversity and the homogenization of its biota. However, comparative studies of urban biodiversity leading to robust generalities of the status and drivers of biodiversity in cities at the global scale are lacking. Here, we compiled the largest global dataset to date of two diverse taxa in cities: birds (54 cities) and plants (110 cities). We found that the majority of urban bird and plant species are native in the world's cities. Few plants and birds are cosmopolitan, the most common being Columba livia and Poa annua. The density of bird and plant species (the number of species per km 2 ) has declined substantially:& 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.on May 10, 2018 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Downloaded from only 8% of native bird and 25% of native plant species are currently present compared with estimates of non-urban density of species. The current density of species in cities and the loss in density of species was best explained by anthropogenic features (landcover, city age) rather than by non-anthropogenic factors (geography, climate, topography). As urbanization continues to expand, efforts directed towards the conservation of intact vegetation within urban landscapes could support higher concentrations of both bird and plant species. Despite declines in the density of species, cities still retain endemic native species, thus providing opportunities for regional and global biodiversity conservation, restoration and education.

show abstract

“…There are many examples of such studies, particularly from Europe and North America (e.g. Blair 1996;Clergeau et al 1998;Niemela et al 2009;Bergerot et al 2011;Fatel et al 2014). However, studies from the tropics are scarce, and for birds at least, there are few from developing countries (Marzluff et al 2001;Pautasso et al 2011), yet the developing world shows the highest rates of human population growth (United Nations Population Fund 2014), the highest rates of expected future urbanization of the human population (Cohen 2006), and most biodiversity hot-spots are in the developing world (Myers et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in bird species richness, abundance and biomass along a tropical urbanization gradient

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AcknowledgementsWe thank Lilian Twanza and Osman Mwebe, who also took part in some of the bird counts in Kampala, and to NatureUganda for data from the rural sites. We are also grateful to L. Bennun, J. Roberts, P. Robinson and J. Pierini for providing personal observations on scavenger populations in African cities, and to an anonymous referee whose constructive comments improved the manuscript. 3Abstract Impacts of urbanization on biodiversity are commonly studied using urbanization gradients which provide a space-for-time substitution in estimating consequences of urban expansion. Rates of urbanization and human population growth are high in tropical countries of the developing world, which also hold most of the world's biodiversity hot-spots, yet few studies have considered biodiversity trends along urban gradients in these regions. Bird communities across a gradient of nine sites in Uganda, from the city centre of Kampala to outlying rural locations, were studied over a six year period. These sites were ordered along an urbanization gradient using Principle Components Analysis based on habitat variables estimated at each site. Bird species richness showed a decrease from rural to urban sites, a trend especially evident in forest birds. There was no clear pattern in total abundance, total biomass or biomass per individual along the gradient. However, this latter result was heavily influenced by a colony of Marabou Storks at one site.When this species was omitted, there was evidence of a positive trend with urbanization, showing that as species richness decreased, the bird community was increasingly dominated by larger species with increasing urbanization, which were mainly scavengers able to exploit human refuse. These results provide further support for the negative impacts of urbanization on species richness, but also demonstrate trends in abundance and biomass are variable across different regions. In particular, the increasing dominance of larger species in urban areas may be relevant to certain geographic and/or socioeconomic contexts.

show abstract

Bird Abundance and Diversity along an Urban-Rural Gradient: A Comparative Study between Two Cities on Different Continents

Cited by 429 publications

References 23 publications

Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers

Trends in bird species richness, abundance and biomass along a tropical urbanization gradient

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About