“…Although the proof and proving are expected to play much more important role in school mathematics, many research studies conducted in the last two decades have suggested that the students have serious difficulties with proof and proving (e.g., Bell, 1976;Chazan, 1993;Coe & Ruthven, 1994;Healy & Hoyles, 2000;İnam & Uğurel, 2016;Mariotti, 2000;Porteous, 1990;Romero, García, & Codina, 2015;Selden & Selden, 2009;Senk, 1985;Solomon, 2006;Sowder & Harel, 1998;Weber, 2001).…”