Bipolar Spectroelectrochemistry

Ibáñez, David; Heras, Aránzazu; Colina, Álvaro

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00856

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The coupling of these two techniques promises to offer interesting analytical possibilities in the future. (81) In addition to the readout schemes used above, a completely new approach appeared very recently, based on the mechanical deformation of a conducting polymer triggered by BPE. In these cases the analyte is oxidized at one extremity of a bipolar polymer strip, whereas a reduction of the conducting polymer itself occurs at the opposite side.…”

Section: Analytical Readout Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar (Bio)electroanalysis

Bouffier

Zigah

Šojić

et al. 2021

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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This contribution reviews a selection of the most recent studies on the use of bipolar electrochemistry in the framework of analytical chemistry. Despite the fact that the concept is not new, with several important studies dating back to the middle of the last century, completely novel and very original approaches have emerged over the last decade. This current revival illustrates that scientists still (re)discover some exciting virtues of this approach, which are useful in many different areas, especially for tackling analytical challenges in an unconventional way. In several cases, this “wireless” electrochemistry strategy enables carrying out measurements that are simply not possible with classic electrochemical approaches. This review will hopefully stimulate new ideas and trigger scientists to integrate some aspects of bipolar electrochemistry in their work in order to drive the topic into yet unexplored and eventually completely unexpected directions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 14 is June 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Analytical Readout Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar (Bio)electroanalysis

Bouffier

Zigah

Šojić

et al. 2021

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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“… 14 , 15 For example, Klett et al coupled bipolar electrochemistry with capillary electrophoresis for the potentiostat-less detection of an iron-based redox couple. 12 In addition, BPE can be employed in combination with impedance spectroscopy 13 and spectroelectrochemistry 16 to develop new sensors. Among all of these methods, characterized by optical or electrochemical readouts of the transduced information, mechanical deformation of a wireless actuator is an extremely easy way to visualize the occurrence of redox processes in a straightforward way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar Electrochemical Measurement of Enantiomeric Excess with Inherently Chiral Polymer Actuators

et al. 2021

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Straightforward enantioselective analytical methods are very important for drug safety, considering that in certain cases one of the two enantiomers of a chiral molecule might be harmful for humans. In this work, we propose a simple system for the direct and easy read-out of the enantiomeric excess of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as a model analyte. A conducting oligomer, i.e. oligo-(3,3′-dibenzothiophene), bearing inherently chiral features, is electrogenerated on a polypyrrole film. The resulting freestanding hybrid material is used as a wireless enantioselective actuator in a bipolar electrochemical cell. Combining in a single setup two individual actuators with opposite chiral features allows a direct visual read-out of enantiomeric excess, as the bending amplitude of each of the two actuators is directly correlated with the concentration of the corresponding stereoisomer of the analyte. Optimization of the experimental parameters results in efficient bending, giving access to the percentage values of the enantiomeric excess in mixtures containing different ratios of the antipodes, thus opening the way to potential applications for chiral in situ analysis.

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“…Bipolar electrochemistry has attracted significant attention as a platform to study fundamental aspects of electron transfer, electrodeposition, and chemical sensing . In a bipolar electrochemical circuit, the working electrode is subjected to an externally applied voltage that generates a gradient of interfacial potential along one direction of the working electrode, providing a ‘snapshot’ of the system's voltammetric behavior that can be monitored using a variety of spectroscopic techniques .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of 4‐Nitrothiophenol on Ag/Au Bimetallic Alloy Surfaces Studied Using Bipolar Raman Spectroelectrochemistry

Wang

Shannon

2020

ChemElectroChem

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Herein, we describe an experimental approach for adapting the principles of Raman spectroelectrochemistry to electrodes controlled using a bipolar circuit. This method allows the simultaneous acquisition of spectroscopic data as a function of both the electrode potential and the chemical composition of a bimetallic alloy and can be generalized to other system variables. The electrochemical reduction of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) was carried out on bimetallic Ag/Au alloy gradients and monitored in situ using a confocal Raman microscope with 785 nm excitation. Continuous Ag/Au alloy gradients, in which the alloy composition varied from approximately 0.5 to 1.0 mole fraction Ag, were prepared by using bipolar electrodeposition and then modified with a monolayer of 4-NTP using self-assembly. 4-NTP monolayers on Au/Ag alloys were placed in a bipolar electrochemical cell and characterized as a function of applied potential and chemical composition by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The E 1/2 for NTP reduction was observed to be a strong function of the alloy composition, increasing by over 100 mV as the mole fraction of Ag varied from 0.5 to 1.0. In addition, spectroscopic evidence for the formation of the partially reduced intermediate, 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) at intermediate applied potentials, was also found. Bipolar Raman spectroelectrochemistry (BRSE) is a powerful tool for acquiring in situ multidimensional Raman spectroelectrochemical data.

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Bipolar Spectroelectrochemistry

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Bipolar (Bio)electroanalysis

Bipolar (Bio)electroanalysis

Bipolar Electrochemical Measurement of Enantiomeric Excess with Inherently Chiral Polymer Actuators

Reduction of 4‐Nitrothiophenol on Ag/Au Bimetallic Alloy Surfaces Studied Using Bipolar Raman Spectroelectrochemistry

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