Bipolar plate cell design for a lithium air battery

Adams, Jim; Karulkar, Mohan

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.10.041

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is particularly true when it comes to ensuring a suffi cient oxygen feed that can increase the current density output and guarantee an even and reversible deposition of the discharge products. Researchers at the Ford Motor Company have modelled a bipolar plate system based on a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, [ 200 ] where they show that a fl ow-fi eld plate located on the cathode side can solve some of these problems, at the expense of energy density. This option has been further investigated by the company "AVL List" for an ionic-liquid-based [ 201 ] showing that electrodes a few millimeters thick and operating current densities of ca.…”

Section: Defi Ning a Laboratory Cell Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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gas. At the same time, the penetration of renewable energy sources has opened up the possibility of creating a CO 2 -neutral mobility system, where electric vehicles are powered by wind, hydro, and solar energy.Broad fi nancial efforts are being made at a governmental and industrial level to fund research into new areas of energy storage. The U.S. Department of Energy has allocated $20 million to energy storage research in 2012 and $15 million the following year, while the German government has committed itself to ¤200 million between 2011 and 2018; [ 1 ] similar schemes are also being promoted in Japan by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The EU-backed "Horizon 2020" program aims at funding research into energy storage technologies, a fi eld where the European Union lags behind the U.S. and East Asia. [ 2 ] Lithium-ion technology has established itself as a type of reliable energy-storage chemistry over the past 20 years, fi rst being used in camcorders, then mobile phones, laptops, and more recently electric cars. However, as the size of the battery pack increases, so does the belief that the cost per kW h and its energy density are not suitable for practical vehicle applications. The Tesla Model S, which sports a 400 km driving range, does so with a whopping 85 kW h battery pack that alone has up to twice the price of a standard economy car. With a current cost higher than 400 $ kW h −1 , electric cars have so far only entered a niche, high-end market where users are willing to pay a premium. Resizing the battery pack, and so the total cost of an electric car, results in a limited driving range (typically 100-150 km) that automatically restricts the use for long-haul journeys and triggers the so-called "range anxiety" feeling. For these reasons, the need to develop energy-storage technologies that enable at least a 500 km driving range, while retaining the same battery pack volume at an affordable price, is of primary interest for governments and car manufacturers. A Brief History of Lithium/Air BatteriesOver the years, the scientifi c community has focused its interest on advanced lithium-ion and fuel cells with only incremental improvements being made. Lithium-ion technology in particular is predicted to reach an asymptotic limit in specifi c Lithium/air is a fascinating energy storage system. The effective exploitation of air as a battery electrode has been the long-time dream of the battery community. Air is, in principle, a no-cost material characterized by a very high specifi c capacity value. In the particular case of the lithium/air system, energy levels approaching that of gasoline have been postulated. It is then not surprising that, in the course of the last decade, great attention has been devoted to this battery by various top academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. This intense investigation, however, has soon highlighted a series of issues that prevent a rapid development of the Li/air electrochemical system. Although several breakthroughs have be...

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Section: Defi Ning a Laboratory Cell Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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“…Unfortunately, these challenges have barely been investigated so far [14][15]. Figure 9b shows also that the prototype discharge voltage was lower than the lab-cell, indicating a more important discharge overvoltage, which could be related to either the prototype construction (design), inefficiencies in the current extraction from the cell (electrical contacts), or inefficiency in the oxygen provision, as could be suggested by the impedance data.…”

Section: Performance Testingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Assessment of the Li-air Battery Technology for Automotive Applications through the Development of a Multi-Electrode Solid-State Prototype

Laforgue

Toupin

Mokrini

et al. 2016

WEVJ

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SummaryThis report highlights the results of a project carried out at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), with the overall objective to address the major issues of the Li-air battery technology and assemble a multi-electrode pilot-scale prototype. Several innovative ideas and technologies were investigated along the core concept of a polymer-based solid-state technology. The assessment of the Li-air technology is discussed through the results of the project as well as other sources, especially concerning its readiness and perspectives for automotive applications.

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“…Additionally, the current densities [28,29,34,155,156] during the first discharge (black solid symbols) and in cells which can be cycled many times (black open symbols). The red symbols indicate the currents and capacities assumed in hypothetical battery designs [15,26,27]. Diagonal lines identify the time required for discharge (Color figure online) and capacities assumed in several hypothetical designs for practical Li-O 2 batteries [15,26,27] are shown.…”

Section: History Of Li-o 2 Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The red symbols indicate the currents and capacities assumed in hypothetical battery designs [15,26,27]. Diagonal lines identify the time required for discharge (Color figure online) and capacities assumed in several hypothetical designs for practical Li-O 2 batteries [15,26,27] are shown.…”

Section: History Of Li-o 2 Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the fundamental reasons why current cell designs fall short of the areal performance targets [15,26,27] is electrode thickness: while experiments often consider electrodes of thickness *10 μm, proposed battery designs have assumed much larger thicknesses of 150-300 μm. A practical Li-O 2 battery requires that the electrode be fairly thick so as to minimize the mass and volume penalties associated with the inactive components (e.g., separators, electrolyte, current collectors, packaging).…”

Section: History Of Li-o 2 Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-aqueous Metal–Oxygen Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

Radin

Siegel

2015

Rechargeable Batteries

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A metal-oxygen battery (sometimes referred to as a 'metal-air' battery) is a cell chemistry in which one of the reactants is gaseous oxygen, O 2 . Oxygen enters the cell typically in the positive electrode-perhaps after being separated from an inflow of air-and dissolves in the electrolyte. The negative electrode is typically a metal monolith or foil. Upon discharge, metal cations present in the electrolyte react with dissolved oxygen and electrons from the electrode to form a metal-oxide or metal-hydroxide discharge product. In some chemistries the discharge product remains dissolved in the electrolyte; in other systems it precipitates out of solution, forming a solid phase that grows in size as discharge proceeds. In secondary metal-oxygen batteries the recharge process proceeds via the decomposition of the discharge phase back to O 2 and dissolved metal cations. In light of the processes associated with discharge and charging, reversible metal-oxygen batteries with solid discharge products are often referred to as precipitation-dissolution systems, a category that also includes lithium-sulfur batteries.The interest in metal-oxygen chemistries follows from their very high theoretical energy densities. Figure 1 summarizes the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities for several metal-oxygen couples, and compares these to the theoretical energy density of a conventional lithium-ion battery. On the basis of these energy densities, it is clear that many metal-oxygen systems hold promise for surpassing the state-of-the-art Li-ion system. Achieving this goal, however, remains a significant challenge when factors beyond energy density are accounted for: cycle life, round-trip efficiency, and cost

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Bipolar plate cell design for a lithium air battery

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

Assessment of the Li-air Battery Technology for Automotive Applications through the Development of a Multi-Electrode Solid-State Prototype

Non-aqueous Metal–Oxygen Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

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