Bipolar dispersal of red-snow algae

Segawa, Tomio; Matsuzaki, Ryo; Takeuchi, Nozomu; Akiyoshi, Ayumi; Navarro, Francisco; Sugiyama, Shin; Yonezawa, Takahiro; Mori, Hiroshi

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05521-w

Cited by 78 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…With its broad application in many other environments (Grossmann et al 2016), it is striking how rarely such approaches have been used for psychrophilic algae. So far a few studies have targeted snow algal communities in the Arctic (Lutz et al 2015a;Lutz et al 2015b;Lutz et al 2016Lutz et al , 2017Segawa et al 2018), in the US (Brown et al 2016), in Japan (Terashima et al 2017 and in Antarctica (Segawa et al 2018). However, HTS data on European Alpine communities is completely absent in the literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating amplicon high-throughput sequencing data of microalgae living in melting snow: improvements and limitations

Lutz¹,

Procházková²,

Benning³

et al. 2019

Fottea

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Melting snowfields are dominated by closely related green algae. Although microscopy-based classification are evaluable distinction tools, they can be challenging and may not reveal the diversity. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows for a comprehensive community evaluation but has been rarely used in such ecosystems. We found that assigning taxonomy to DNA sequences strongly depends on the quality of the reference databases. Furthermore, for an accurate identification, a combination of manual inspection of automated assignments, and oligotyping of the abundant 18S OTUs and ITS2 secondary structure analyses were needed. The use of one marker can be misleading because of low variability (18S) or the scarcity of references (ITS2). Our evaluation reveals that HTS outputs need to be thoroughly checked when the organisms are poorly represented in databases. We recommend an optimized workflow including consistent sampling, a two-molecular marker approach, light microscopy-based guidance, generation of appropriate reference sequences and a final manual verification of taxonomic assignments as a best approach for accurate diversity analyses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating amplicon high-throughput sequencing data of microalgae living in melting snow: improvements and limitations

Lutz¹,

Procházková²,

Benning³

et al. 2019

Fottea

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“…Although molecular identification was not performed in this study, the phototrophs observed on the glaciers are likely the same species as found on other Arctic and sub-Arctic glaciers and which are dispersed across the glacierized areas in the circum-Arctic regions. Amplicon sequencing of eukaryotic 18S rRNA and ITS2 genes indicate the prevalence of similar taxa across the Arctic region; for instance, red pigmented algae are apparently cosmopolitan on Arctic glaciers (Lutz et al, 2016;Segawa et al, 2018), and A. nordenskiöldii are prevalent across Svalbard, Arctic Sweden, and Greenland Ice Sheet (Lutz et al, 2017(Lutz et al, , 2018. The biogeography of glacier cyanobacteria showed that there are common cyanobacterial phylotypes in the Arctic regions (Segawa et al, 2017).…”

Section: Cylindrocystis Brébissoniimentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Phototroph Communities on the Ablating Bare-Ice Surface of Glaciers on Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard

et al. 2019

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During the summer ablation season, Arctic glacier surfaces host a wealth of microbial life. Here, the phototroph communities on the ablating bare-ice surface of three valley glaciers on Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard were investigated. The communities mainly comprised seven taxa of green algae and cyanobacteria, which have been commonly reported on Arctic glaciers. Although the geographical and glaciological settings of the three studied glaciers are similar, there were differences in total phototroph biomass. The community structure was also distinctive among the glaciers: high dominance of a single taxon of green algae (Ancylonema nordenskiöldii) for Midtre Lovénbreen, abundant cyanobacteria for Austre Brøggerbreen, and diverse green algae for Pedersenbreen. The major soluble ions in the surface ice showed that there was no significant difference in meltwater nutrient conditions between the glaciers, but there were lower concentrations of mineral-derived ions on Midtre Lovénbreen. Consequently, the glacierspecific mineral loading and surface hydrology are inferred to explain the contrast in bare ice algal communities between the glaciers. We hypothesize that local, glacier-specific conditions affect algal communities and the associated influences on carbon cycling and ice-surface albedo.

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“…There was a brilliant red colored algal bloom in S2 in a puddle of thawing snow ( Figure 1B). Such blooms are called red snow and are commonly observed in polar and alpine regions [57]. Cosmopolitan phylotypes of snow algae have been reported across the Arctic and Antarctic [49], suggesting their ability to spread widely.…”

Section: Red Algal Bloom In S2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing

et al. 2020

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Antarctica has one of the most extreme environments on Earth, with low temperatures and low nutrient levels. Antarctica’s organisms live primarily in the coastal, ice-free areas which cover approximately 0.18% of the continent’s surface. Members of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae are important primary producers in Antarctica since they can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water using solar energy. However, community structures of photosynthetic algae in Antarctica have not yet been fully explored at molecular level. In this study, we collected diverse algal samples in lacustrine and hydro-terrestrial environments of Langhovde and Skarvsnes, which are two ice-free regions in East Antarctica. We performed deep amplicon sequencing of both 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and 18S rRNA genes, and we explored the distribution of sequence variants (SVs) of these genes at single nucleotide difference resolution. SVs of filamentous Cyanobacteria genera, including Leptolyngbya, Pseudanabaena, Phormidium, Nodosilinea, Geitlerinama, and Tychonema, were identified in most of the samples, whereas Phormidesmis SVs were distributed in fewer samples. We also detected unicellular, multicellular or heterocyst forming Cyanobacteria strains, but in relatively small abundance. For SVs of eukaryotic algae, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, and Ochrophyta were widely distributed among the collected samples. In addition, there was a red colored bloom of eukaryotic alga, Geminigera cryophile (Cryptophyta), in the Langhovde coastal area. Eukaryotic SVs of Acutuncus antarcticus and/or Diphascon pingue of Tardigrada were dominant among most of the samples. Our data revealed the detailed structures of the algal communities in Langhovde and Skarvsnes. This will contribute to our understanding of Antarctic ecosystems and support further research into this subject.

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Bipolar dispersal of red-snow algae

Cited by 78 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluating amplicon high-throughput sequencing data of microalgae living in melting snow: improvements and limitations

Evaluating amplicon high-throughput sequencing data of microalgae living in melting snow: improvements and limitations

Variations in Phototroph Communities on the Ablating Bare-Ice Surface of Glaciers on Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard

Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing

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