Bipolar-Coding $\Phi$-OTDR with Interference Fading Elimination and Frequency Drift Compensation

Yu-hua, WU; Wang, Zinan; Xiong, Ji; Jiang, Jialin; Rao, Yunjiang

doi:10.1109/jlt.2020.3003440

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This processing method was also adopted by making use of the harmonics of optical intensity modulator [11]. Most recently, spectrum extraction and remix (SERM), as well as spectrum extraction and phase-shift transform methods have also been developed [12][13][14]. Essentially, all these reported solutions can be categorized as frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference fading suppression in φ-OTDR using space-division multiplexed probes

Zhao

et al. 2021

Opt. Express

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel interference fading suppression method for phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) using space-division multiplexed (SDM) pulse probes in few-mode fiber. The SDM probes consist of multiple different modes, and three spatial modes (LP01, LP11a and LP11b) are used in this work for proof of concept. Firstly, the Rayleigh backscattering light of different modes is experimentally characterized, and it turns out that the waveforms of φ-OTDR traces of distinct modes are all different from each other. Thanks to the spatial difference of fading positions of distinct modes, multiple probes from spatially multiplexed modes can be used to suppress the interference fading in φ-OTDR. Then, the performances of the φ-OTDR systems using single probe and multiple probes are evaluated and compared. Specifically, statistical analysis shows that both fading probabilities over fiber length and time are reduced significantly by using multiple SDM probes, which verifies the significant performance improvement on fading suppression. The proposed novel interference fading suppression method does not require complicated frequency or phase modulation, which has the advantages of simplicity, good effectiveness and high reliability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference fading suppression in φ-OTDR using space-division multiplexed probes

Zhao

et al. 2021

Opt. Express

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“…novel spectrum extraction and remixing method, using single rectangular probe pulse to realize a simple non-interference fading Φ-OTDR. In the second year, they combined optical pulse coding (OPC) technology, achieving SNR improvement of 7.1 dB 133 . In terms of improving the sensing fiber, in 2016, A. Alekseev et al performed the joint independent analysis to the RBS signal, with a multimode optical fiber as a sensitive element, thereby suppressing or even eliminating the interference fading 134 .…”

Section: Sensing Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry

Liu¹,

Yu²,

Hong³

et al. 2022

OEA

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Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) has attracted numerous attention due to its superior performance in detecting the weak perturbations along the fiber. Relying on the ultra-sensitivity of light phase to the tiny deformation of optical fiber, Φ-OTDR has been treated as a powerful technique with a wide range of applications. It is fundamental to extract the phase of scattering light wave accurately and the methods include coherent detection, I/Q demodulation, 3 by 3 coupler, dual probe pulses, and so on. Meanwhile, researchers have also made great efforts to improve the performance of Φ -OTDR. The frequency response range, the measurement accuracy, the sensing distance, the spatial resolution, and the accuracy of event discrimination, all have been enhanced by various techniques. Furthermore, lots of researches on the applications in various kinds of fields have been carried out, where certain modifications and techniques have been developed. Therefore, Φ-OTDR remains as a booming technique in both researches and applications.

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“…The number of fading points is proportional to the SNR of Rayleigh backscattering signals. Using Golay pulse coding, the SNR of coherent detection Ф-OTDR can be enhanced by 2 N times [49], and it can be further improved after using bipolar coding [50]. In addition, Kramers-Kronig receivers can suppress the noise caused by the signal-signal beat interference and improve the signal quality [51].…”

Section: ф-Otdr With Coherent Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Phase-Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (Ф-OTDR)

Rao

Wang

et al. 2021

Photonic Sens

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Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Ф-OTDR) is an effective way to detect vibrations and acoustic waves with high sensitivity, by interrogating coherent Rayleigh backscattering light in sensing fiber. In particular, fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) based on the Ф-OTDR with phase demodulation has been extensively studied and widely used in intrusion detection, borehole seismic acquisition, structure health monitoring, etc., in recent years, with superior advantages such as long sensing range, fast response speed, wide sensing bandwidth, low operation cost and long service lifetime. Significant advances in research and development (R&D) of Ф-OTDR have been made since 2014. In this review, we present a historical review of Ф-OTDR and then summarize the recent progress of Ф-OTDR in the Fiber Optics Research Center (FORC) at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), which is the first group to carry out R&D of Ф-OTDR and invent ultra-sensitive DAS (uDAS) seismometer in China which is elected as one of the ten most significant technology advances of PetroChina in 2019. It can be seen that the Ф-OTDR/DAS technology is currently under its rapid development stage and would reach its climax in the next 5 years.

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Bipolar-Coding $\Phi$-OTDR with Interference Fading Elimination and Frequency Drift Compensation

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Interference fading suppression in φ-OTDR using space-division multiplexed probes

Interference fading suppression in φ-OTDR using space-division multiplexed probes

Advances in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry

Recent Advances in Phase-Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (Ф-OTDR)

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