Bipolar and schizophrenic patients differ in patterns of visual motion discrimination

Chen, Yue; Levy, Deborah L.; Sheremata, Summer; Holzman, Philip S.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.06.004

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The finding of greater than normal coherence within the V1 component in bipolar disorder suggests that the inappropriate recruitment of posterior cortical regions into large-scale neural networks is not restricted to the DMN in this condition. This suggestion is also consistent with previous findings of visual processing abnormalities in bipolar disorder (Chen et al, 2006; Miller et al, 2003). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Default mode network abnormalities in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Öngür

Lundy

Greenhouse

et al. 2010

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

367

222

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The default-mode network (DMN) consists of a set of brain areas preferentially activated during internally focused tasks. We used functional MRI to study the DMN in bipolar mania and acute schizophrenia. 17 bipolar disorder (BD), 14 schizophrenia (SZ) and 15 normal control (NC) subjects underwent 10-minute resting scans. The DMN was extracted using independent component analysis and template-matching; spatial extent and timecourse were examined. Both patient groups showed reduced DMN connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (BD:x=-2,y=54,z=-12; SZ:x=-2,y=22,z=18). BD subjects showed abnormal recruitment of parietal cortex (correlated with mania severity) while SZ subjects showed greater recruitment of the frontopolar cortex/basal ganglia. Both groups had significantly higher frequency fluctuations than controls (frequency × diagnosis:F(43,2)=3.183,p=0.05). We found ventral mPFC abnormalities in BD and dorsal mPFC abnormalities in SZ. The higher frequency of BOLD signal oscillations observed in patients suggests abnormal functional organization of circuits in both disorders. Further studies are needed to determine how these abnormalities are related to specific symptoms of each condition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Default mode network abnormalities in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Öngür

Lundy

Greenhouse

et al. 2010

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

367

222

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, when considering thousands of risk-conferring alleles, as reflected in the PGR-BD score, we found that their additive effect on the facial affect network involved primarily the recruitment of visual cortical regions. These findings add to the growing evidence of visual information processing abnormalities in patients with BD observed in visual backward masking (McClure, 1999), vernier acuity (Kéri et al, 2005), motion discrimination (Chen et al, 2006, O'Bryan et al, 2014), context modulation (Yang et al, 2013) and early visual evoked potentials (Yeap et al, 2009). It is suggested therefore that abnormalities in early sensory processing of affective visual stimuli may contribute to inadequate emotional regulation and predispose individuals to development of the BD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The polygenic risk for bipolar disorder influences brain regional function relating to visual and default state processing of emotional information

Dima

Jong

Breen

et al. 2016

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Genome-wise association studies have identified a number of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), each of small effect, associated with risk to bipolar disorder (BD). Several risk-conferring SNPs have been individually shown to influence regional brain activation thus linking genetic risk for BD to altered brain function. The current study examined whether the polygenic risk score method, which models the cumulative load of all known risk-conferring SNPs, may be useful in the identification of brain regions whose function may be related to the polygenic architecture of BD. We calculated the individual polygenic risk score for BD (PGR-BD) in forty-one patients with the disorder, twenty-five unaffected first-degree relatives and forty-six unrelated healthy controls using the most recent Psychiatric Genomics Consortium data. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to define task-related brain activation patterns in response to facial affect and working memory processing. We found significant effects of the PGR-BD score on task-related activation irrespective of diagnostic group. There was a negative association between the PGR-BD score and activation in the visual association cortex during facial affect processing. In contrast, the PGR-BD score was associated with failure to deactivate the ventromedial prefrontal region of the default mode network during working memory processing. These results are consistent with the threshold-liability model of BD, and demonstrate the usefulness of the PGR-BD score in identifying brain functional alternations associated with vulnerability to BD. Additionally, our findings suggest that the polygenic architecture of BD is not regionally confined but impacts on the task-dependent recruitment of multiple brain regions.

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“…While visual motion signals were used effectively to guide catch-up saccades and to drive the onset of pursuit responses, reduced open loop gain in psychotic bipolar and schizophrenia patients provides evidence of a diminished capacity for using this motion information for sensorimotor transformations in the pursuit system. These findings, together with a reduced capacity to use feedback about tracking error to dynamically adjust pursuit responses during the ramp tasks, indicate that alterations in sensorimotor transformation processes represent important causes of pursuit impairments in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder (9,31). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sensorimotor Transformation Deficits for Smooth Pursuit in First-Episode Affective Psychoses and Schizophrenia

Lencer

Reilly

Harris

et al. 2010

Biological Psychiatry

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Background-Smooth pursuit deficits are an intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia that may result from disturbances in visual motion perception, sensorimotor transformation, predictive mechanisms, or alterations in basic oculomotor control. Which of these components are the primary causes of smooth pursuit impairments and whether they are impaired similarly across psychotic disorders remain to be established.

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Bipolar and schizophrenic patients differ in patterns of visual motion discrimination

Cited by 39 publications

References 43 publications

Default mode network abnormalities in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Default mode network abnormalities in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

The polygenic risk for bipolar disorder influences brain regional function relating to visual and default state processing of emotional information

Sensorimotor Transformation Deficits for Smooth Pursuit in First-Episode Affective Psychoses and Schizophrenia

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