Bipolar and antisocial disorders among relatives of ADHD children: parsing familial subtypes of illness

Faraone, Stephen V.; Biederman, Joseph; Mennin, Douglas S.; Russell, Ronald L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980207)81:1<108::aid-ajmg18>3.0.co;2-n

Cited by 73 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Depression in mothers has been identified as a major environmental risk factor for ODD and CD symptoms independent of the presence of ADHD in the children [21,59]. The suggested comorbidity of ADHD and bipolar disorder [6,30] is not supported by a recent family study indicating that bipolar disorder-I in children and adults are the same diathesis, and ADHD is another, unrelated disorder [35].…”

Section: Mdd/anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and measurement influences on heritability estimates in childhood ADHD

Freitag

Rohde

Lempp

et al. 2010

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Twin studies described a strongly heritable component of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. However, findings varied considerably between studies. In addition, ADHD presents with a high rate of comorbid disorders and associated psychopathology. Therefore, this literature review reports findings from population-based twin studies regarding the influence of subtypes, assessment instruments, rater effects, sex differences, and comorbidity rates on ADHD heritability estimates. In addition, genetic effects on the persistence of ADHD are discussed. By reviewing relevant factors influencing heritability estimates more homogeneous subtypes relevant for molecular genetic studies can be elicited. A systematic search of population-based twin studies in ADHD was performed, using the databases PubMed and PsycInfo. Results of family studies were added in case insufficient or contradictory findings were obtained in twin studies. Heritability estimates were strongly influenced by rater effects and assessment instruments. Inattentive and hyperactiveimpulsive symptoms were likely influenced by common as well as specific genetic risk factors. Besides persistent ADHD, ADHD accompanied by symptoms of conduct or antisocial personality disorder might be another strongly genetically determined subtype, however, family environmental risk factors have also been established for this pattern of comorbidity.

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Section: Mdd/anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and measurement influences on heritability estimates in childhood ADHD

Freitag

Rohde

Lempp

et al. 2010

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…Researchers have described ADHD as a familial disorder (Biederman et al, 1995;Faraone, Biederman, Mennin, & Russell, 1998;Faraone & Doyle, 2000;Rasmussen et al, 2002;Spencer, Biederman, Wilens, & Faraone, 1994). The risk factors associated with ADHD include both psychosocial (Pressman et al, 2006;Theule, 2012;Timimi & Taylor, 2004) and biological components (Hawi et al, 2013;Stergiakouli, Hamshere, & Thapar, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Psychopathology in Families of Children with ADHD: A Meta-analysis

Cheung

Theule

2016

J Child Fam Stud

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There is a large body of literature that examines the association between parental psychopathology and child ADHD. The strength of the relationship varies across studies due to differences between the sample characteristics and methodologies utilized. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the strength of the association between parental psychopathology and ADHD to review the research findings and to establish the degree and size of the effect. The Tables Table 1: Neurodevelopmental disorders are broadly defined as disorders that emerge in early development and consist of deficiencies in several domains, including academic, social skills, and personal.The diagnostic features of ADHD are characterized into three domains: a) inattention, b) hyperactivity, and c) impulsivity. Inattention refers to difficulties with staying on task, maintaining focus, and being organized that are not the direct cause of deviant behaviour or problems with understanding (APA, 2013). Hyperactivity consists of inappropriate activity that is often excessive in nature, such as running around, fidgeting, talkativeness, and overall restlessness (APA, 2013). Impulsivity is characterized by uninhibited actions, spur-of-themoment decision-making, and is often driven by immediate gratification (APA, 2013). The aforementioned diagnostic features of ADHD are reflected in the three main presentations of ADHD: a) combined presentation, b) predominantly inattentive presentation, and c) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation (APA, 2013). ADHD has been shown to be highly comorbid with both externalizing and internalizing disorders, including anxiety disorders (Mancini, Van Ameringen, Oakman, & Figueiredo, 1999;Pliszka, Carlson, & Swanson, 1999;Spencer, Biederman, & Wilens, 1999) and mood disorders (Arnold et al., 2012; Biederman, Faraone, Mick, Moore, & Lelon, 1996; Willcutt et al., 2012). However, ADHD in childhood is most commonly paired with other externalizing disorders including oppositional defiant disorder PARENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND ADHD 2 (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD; Biederman, Newcorn, & Sprich, 1991;Hinshaw, 1987; Lahey, Schaughency, Hynd, Carlson, & Nieves, 1987; Willcutt et al., 2012). Externalizing disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by emotion and behaviour regulation problems (Eisenberg, Smith, Sadovsky, & Spinrad, 2004;Hinshaw, 2003).Risk factors and etiology. Researchers have described ADHD as a familial disorder (Biederman et al., 1995;Faraone, Biederman, Mennin, & Russell, 1998;Faraone & Doyle, 2000;Rasmussen et al., 2002;Spencer, Biederman, Wilens, & Faraone, 1994). The risk factors associated with ADHD include both psychosocial (Pressman et al., 2006;Theule, 2012;Timimi & Taylor, 2004) and biological components (Hawi et al., 2013;Stergiakouli, Hamshere, & Thapar, 2012). Biederman and colleagues (1995) identified a key set of family-environment risk factors for ADHD, which included low socioeconomic status (SES), maternal psychopathology, paternal delinquency, large family...

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“…Other studies of CD have also documented this overlap with BPD [35]. Conversely, studies involving BPD youth have documented a very high overlap with CD [31,[36][37][38][39]. For example, Kovacs [36] reported a 69% rate of CD in a referred sample of youth with mania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial links between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and bipolar disorder

Doyle

Faraone

2002

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Although family, twin, and adoption studies indicate that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a familial condition with a robust genetic component, molecular genetic studies of candidate genes have produced inconsistent findings. One of the challenges to elucidating the genetic architecture of ADHD is its potential genetic heterogeneity. Therefore, efforts are needed to identify etiologically homogeneous subgroups of subjects with ADHD for use in genetic studies. The current article reviews evidence suggesting that parsing ADHD subjects based on comorbidity with conduct and bipolar disorders may yield familial subtypes that are suitable for genetic analyses.

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Bipolar and antisocial disorders among relatives of ADHD children: parsing familial subtypes of illness

Cited by 73 publications

References 55 publications

Phenotypic and measurement influences on heritability estimates in childhood ADHD

Phenotypic and measurement influences on heritability estimates in childhood ADHD

Parental Psychopathology in Families of Children with ADHD: A Meta-analysis

Familial links between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and bipolar disorder

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