Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Poly-(DL-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Biocomposite as Filler and Blocks for Reparation of Bone Tissue

Abstract

Composite biomaterials, like calciumphosphate/bioresorbable polymer, offer excellent potential for reconstruction and reparation of bone tissue defects induced by different sources. In this paper synthesis of calciumphosphate/poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide (BCP/DLPLG) composite biomaterial formed as filler and blocks was studied. BCP/DLPLG composite biomaterial was produced in the form of spherical granules of BCP covered by a DLPLG layer, average diameter of 150-250 µm. By cold and hot pressing of granules at up to 10000 kg/cm2, blocks with fine distribution of phases and porosity up to 3% were obtained. Characterization was performed by wide-angle X-ray structural analysis (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and mechanical properties by defining the compressive strength. In vitro citotoxicity research was carried out on cellular cultures of fibroblasts of human (MRC5) and mouse (L929). In vivo research was performed in two steps. Reparatory ability of BCP/DLPLG in mice was examined in the first step, and then bone tissue reconstruction possibilities on 10 patients in the next step. In vitro tests showed very good fibroblast adhesion and non-citotoxicity of the composite. A material is considered non-cytotoxic if the cell survival is above 50 %, and in our case it was 90%. In vivo research on mice indicated high level of reparatory ability of this composite with formation of new bone and vascular tissue six weeks after reparation. Application of this composite for healing infrabone defects of patients showed a high level of osseous regeneration.

Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications

“…Another research group created porous PDLLA/BCP scaffolds and coated them with a hydrophilic PEG/vancomycin composite for both drug delivery purposes and surface modification [ 414 ]. More to the point, both PLGA/BCP [ 415 , 416 ] and PLLA/BCP [ 417 ] biocomposites were fabricated and their cytotoxicity and fibroblast properties were found to be acceptable for natural bone tissue reparation, filling and augmentation [ 418 , 419 ]. Besides, PCL/BCP [ 420 , 421 ], PTMC/BCP [ 422 ] and gelatin/BCP [ 423 , 424 ] biocomposites are known as well.…”

Biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates

“…490 Another research group created porous PDLLA/BCP scaffolds and coated them with a hydrophilic PEG/vancomycin composite for both drug delivery purposes and surface modification. 491 More relevantly, both PLGA/BCP 492,493 and PLLA/ BCP 494 biocomposites were fabricated, and their cytotoxicity and fibroblast properties were found to be acceptable for natural bone tissue reparation, filling and augmentation. 495,496 PCL/BCP 497 and gelatin/BCP 498,499 biocomposites are known as well.…”

Calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials

“…Another research group created porous PDLLA/BCP scaffolds and coated them with a hydrophilic PEG/vancomycin composite for both drug-delivery purposes and surface modification [406]. More to the point, PLGA/BCP composites were fabricated [407,408] and their cytotoxicity and fibroblast properties were found to be acceptable for natural bone tissue reparation, filling, and augmentation [409,410]. PCL/BCP biocomposites are known as well [411].…”