Biparental incubation pattern of the Black-necked Crane on an alpine plateau

Zhang, Lixun; Shu, Meilin; An, Bei; Zhao, Changming; Suo, Yila; Yang, Xuefei

doi:10.1007/s10336-017-1439-6

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The general lack of variation in Northern Lapwing incubation across incubation period and season contrasts with findings from other species where, for example, incubation bouts lengthen over the incubation period and then shorten just before hatching (Bulla et al 2014; Pedler et al 2015; Zhang et al 2017). Note that the lack of variation across incubation period in our study may also reflect lack of statistical power, that is 5-8 days of incubation data at the start and end of incubation period may still not be enough, in face of immense within- and between-nest variation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Thus, although the general between-species difference in how parents divide and time their incubation is somewhat known, detailed descriptions of how parents divide and time their incubation over the day and season (i.e. as ambient temperatures and predation pressure change) are rare (Bambini et al in press; Coulson & Wooller 1984; Pedler et al 2015; Bulla et al 2016b; Bulla et al 2017a; Zhang et al 2017), and these descriptions are mostly limited to species with incubation bouts lasting several days (see above). Moreover, although between- and within-pair differences in incubation rhythms might be considerable (Bulla et al 2014; Bulla et al 2016b), and in extreme cases one parent may even desert its incubating partner (Bulla et al 2017a), detailed description of such between- and within-pair differences is often also lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverse incubation rhythms in a facultatively uniparental shorebird – the Northern Lapwing

Sládeček

Wozabulová

Šálek

et al. 2018

Preprint

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14Incubation by both parents is the most common form of care for eggs. Although the involvement of 15 the two parents may vary dramatically between and within pairs, as well as over the day and 16breeding season, detailed description of this variation (especially in species with variable male 17 contribution to incubation) is rare. Here, we continuously video-monitored 113 nests of Northern 18Lapwing Vanellus vanellus over the breeding season to reveal the diversity of incubation rhythms 19 and parental involvement. We found great between-nest variation in the overall nest attendance (68 20 -94%; median = 87%) and in how much males incubated (0 -37%; median = 13%). Notably, the less 21 the males incubated, the lower was the overall nest attendance, even though females partially 22 compensated for the males' decrease. Overall, incubation rhythms changed little over the season 23 and incubation period. However, as nights shorten with the progressing breeding season, the female 24 longest night incubation bout shortened too. Essentially, nest attendance was highest, incubation 25 bouts longest, exchange gaps shortest and male involvement lowest during the night. Also, males 26 tended to incubate the most after sunrise and before sunset. To conclude, we revealed strong 27 circadian rhythms and remarkable between nest differences in Northern Lapwing incubation 28 (especially in male involvement), yet despite seasonal environmental trends (e.g. increasing 29 temperature) Lapwing incubation rhythms remained relatively stable over the season and incubation 30 period. 31

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse incubation rhythms in a facultatively uniparental shorebird – the Northern Lapwing

Sládeček

Wozabulová

Šálek

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…From these videos, we were able to determine the time of initiation and calculate each recess and on-bout duration. Sex identification referred to the method described by Kuang et al (2007) and Zhang et al (2017a). For each of seven periods during the day (6:30-8:29, 8:30-10:29, 10:30-12:29, 12:30-14:29, 14:30-16:29, 16:30-18:29 and 18:30-20:29 h, Beijing time), we calculated: (1) nest attendance, estimated as the percentage of total time when the eggs were incubated by each parent (individual nest attendance) and pair (total nest attendance), (2) recess frequency, estimated as the average number of breaks taken by each parent (individual recess frequency) and pair (total recess frequency), (3) on-bout duration, estimated as the mean length (in minutes) of uninterrupted incubation by either parent (individual on-bout duration) and pair (total on-bout duration), and (4) egg turning frequency, estimated as number of egg turning times by each parent (individual egg turning frequency) and pair (total egg turning frequency).…”

Section: General Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their average clutch size is two eggs, with one egg laid per day, and the incubation period ranges from 30 to 34 days (Zhang et al 2017a). For details about the study area see Zhang et al (2017b).…”

Section: Study Species and Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both males and females participate in nest building, incubation, and rearing nestlings and fledglings. Early observations suggested that males and females contribute almost equally to incubation with regard to time spent on the nest (Zhang et al 2017a). Several studies have been attempted to determine the incubation rhythms of the Black-necked Crane with direct observations and data analysis (Kuang et al 2007;Yang et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incubation strategies of the Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) in relation to ambient temperature and time of day

Zhang

Shu

et al. 2017

Avian Res

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Background:The behavior of cranes reflects many of their survival strategies, but little has been known of the incubation strategies of cranes, in which both parents share incubation duties, in response to cold temperatures in alpine environments. The lack of information may restrict the effective conservation of the threatened Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis), a biparental bird nesting in high elevation wetlands. Methods:We directly observed and used infrared video cameras from 2014 to 2015 to study the incubation behavior and quantitatively measured the frequency and details of egg turning behavior in the Black-necked Crane at the Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve in western Gansu Province, China. Results:At lower ambient temperatures in the morning, crane parents spent more time on the nest with less recess frequency and prolonged on-bout duration, while at higher temperatures around noon, the parents had more frequent recesses from incubation and shorter periods between nest exchanges. They adjusted the amount of time incubating by varying the recess frequency and the length of on-bout duration. Mean nest attendance and egg turning frequency of females were significantly higher than those of the males. The nest attendance and on-bout duration of females showed a significantly negative relationship with those of males. The two parents responded differently to the change of temperature. Females spent more time on the nest at lower morning temperatures, while males increased their time on the nest at higher temperatures after noon. Higher incubation recess frequency and egg turning frequency were observed at noon, probably because parents spent more time foraging, taking advantage of the lower egg cooling rate. Conclusion:Both Black-necked Crane parents in the alpine environment adjusted their behavior in response to the thermal requirements of eggs and the weather conditions experienced. Our findings demonstrate that parents of this species incubated in different but complementary ways and efficiently enhanced egg care in a dynamic environment, so as to maximize benefits from the warm portion of the day and the intense solar radiation while minimizing the cost of rewarming eggs and the risks of cooling eggs.

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Incubation scheduling by African Black Oystercatchers: effects of weather, tide phase, and time of day

2022

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Biparental incubation pattern of the Black-necked Crane on an alpine plateau

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Diverse incubation rhythms in a facultatively uniparental shorebird – the Northern Lapwing

Diverse incubation rhythms in a facultatively uniparental shorebird – the Northern Lapwing

Incubation strategies of the Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) in relation to ambient temperature and time of day

Incubation scheduling by African Black Oystercatchers: effects of weather, tide phase, and time of day

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