Biowaste Eggshell Membranes for Bio-triboelectric Nanogenerators and Smart Sensors

Abstract

In this study, we used a simple and cost-effective method to fabricate triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on biowaste eggshell membranes (EMs). We prepared stretchable electrodes with various types of EMs (hen, duck, goose, and ostrich) and employed them as positive friction materials for bio-TENGs. A comparison of the electrical properties of the hen, duck, goose, and ostrich EMs revealed that the output voltage of the ostrich EM could reach up to 300 V, due to its abundant functional groups, natural fiber structure, high surface roughness, high surface charge, and high dielectric constant. The output power of the resulting device reached 0.18 mW, sufficient to power 250 red light-emitting diodes simultaneously, as well as a digital watch. This device also displayed good durability when subjected to 9000 cycles at 30 N at a frequency of 3 Hz. Furthermore, we designed an ostrich EM-TENG as a smart sensor for the detection of body motion, including leg movement and the pressing of different numbers of fingers.

A Review of Plasma-Synthesized and Plasma Surface-Modified Piezoelectric Polymer Films for Nanogenerators and Sensors

“…In particular, the plasma−treated PVDF fabric had a voltage output stability of 45% and a current output stability of 77%, resulting in the highest energy harvesting performance stability among the tested samples [57]. Lin et al [58] demonstrated a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating TENG devices using eggshell membranes (EMs). Before coating a metallic electrode, the PDMS was treated by using a commercial N 2 atmospheric plasma treatment (Harrick Plasma, PDC-32G) for 0, 2, and 12 h under an atmospheric environment to form a hydrophilic PDMS surface.…”

“…50 nm and 1.34 Ω, respectively [58]. Figure 35c displays the amounts of charge transferred for the various types of EMs.…”

“…Moreover, the resulting power of the TENG device with ostrich EM was 18 mW. This device also displayed good durability when subjected to 9000 cycles at 30 N at a frequency of 3 Hz [58]. Figure 36a represents the schematic diagram of EM-TENG device with a rectangular shape at a size of 2.0 × 2.0 cm 2 .…”

Material selection and performance optimization strategies for a wearable friction nanogenerator (W-TENG)

“…In addition, waste natural fibers such as eggshell membranes 75 and onion membranes 76 can also be used for the preparation of W-TENGs. Yan et al 77 used a carbonized eggshell membrane (ESM) as the positive friction material with an output voltage of 156.12 V. Compared with the non-carbonized ESM, the output voltage is increased by about 198%.…”

A Biodegradable and Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Human Motion Monitoring

“…Among them, ostrich EM has the advantages of rich functional groups, natural fiber structure, high surface roughness, high surface charge, and a high dielectric constant. [49] EM-TENG not only shows excellent electrical performance of an outputting voltage up to 330 V but can also be used as a smart sensor to monitor body movement. [50][51][52][53][54] In this study, the EM-TENG was attached to the elbow, wrist, and knee joints, which allowed to monitor the magnitude of change during different articular motions.…”