Biotreatment of Effluent from Cassava Processing Using Powdered Seeds of Moringa oleifera

Abstract

The world is facing increasingly more severe water security issues. It has, therefore, become imperative to develop sustainable, eco-friendly water management and recycling techniques. This study assessed the capacity of powdered seeds of Moringa oleifera to improve water quality of effluent from two (2) cassava processing plants in Umudike, Nigeria by measuring the variations in specific physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the samples. The biodegradability indices of the wastewater samples were determined as 0.513 and 0.507 for Plants 1 and 2 respectively indicating samples that were fairly biodegradable and treatable biologically. At the end of the 7-day study, turbidity reduced by 59.6% -63.2% while chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total organic carbon values dropped by 66.6% -74.1%, 86.7% -88.2% and 67.0% -72.6% respectively. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between BOD 5 and COD for both Plants 1 and 2. The total heterotrophic and coliform bacteria were completely removed by around day 5 of the study. The observed bacterial isolates in the effluent at onset were Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp., Salmonella sp., Streptococcus faecalis, Shigella sp. and Aerobacter aerogenes. This study confirms the efficiency of powdered seeds of M. oleifera in biotreatment of wastewater from cassava processing plants.

Bio-treatment capabilities of powdered <i>Moringa oleifera</i> seeds and a consortium of some bacterial isolates in cassava mill effluent (CME)

“…40 Num. 1: 19-28 (June 2023) was used for evaluating the potential cassava mill effluent treatment (Ibiene et al, 2021).…”

“…The physicochemical parameters that were assessed in the present study includes turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and temperature (APHA, 2011;Ibiene et al, 2021). BOD: CME sample was collected and divided into two portions.…”

“…The wastewater from cassava processing could serve as a substitute for mineral fertilizers, animal feeds, biofuel, and a portable water source if treated with microorganisms, thereby reducing contamination of the environment (Osadebe and Okounim, 2020). Moringa oleifera seed is a natural coagulant that is non-toxic, biodegradable, cost effective, available, low sludge volume, and eco-friendly for the treatment of CME compared to commercial coagulants such as calcium, aluminum, and their salts (Ibiene et al, 2021;Gautam and Saina, 2020;Verma et al, 2020). The significant use of Moringa oleifera seed extracts for wastewater treatment has been reported for effectively removing suspended material, softening hard waters, removing turbidity, COD, colour, and other organic pollutants (Adejumo et al, 2013).…”

Optimization of Sumatera Bentonite by Ammonium-impregnated as a Coagulant for Cassava Wastewater Treatment

“…Recently, researchers focused on cassava wastewater treatment through several strategies, such as phytoremediation/bioremediation, electrocoagulation, anaerobic treatment, activated sludge, and coagulation (de Faria Ferreira Carraro et al, 2021;Fleck et al, 2017;Ibiene et al, 2021;Kaewkannetra et al, 2011;Nuraini and Felani, 2015;Paulo et al, 2013;Sudibyo et al, 2017). Coagulation is chosen as the more effective technique due to its efficiency, economic, and facile operation, and it also shows satisfying results (Aguilar et al, 2003;Ahmad et al, 2005;Adebowale et al, 2008).…”

“…Trevisan et al (2019) started to observe the coagulation ability of Moringa oleifera seeds extract and reported the removal of turbidity at 89.16% and COD at 66.39% from the cassava wastewater. Ibiene et al (2021) reported that coagulants from Moringa oleifera powdered seeds successfully reduced the COD by up to 74.1% and turbidity by up to 63.2% from the cassava wastewater. Differently, dos Santos et al ( 2018) applied different commercial coagulants (Acquapol WW, Acquapol S5T, Tanfloc SL, and Tanfloc SG) to observe the effectivity on cassava wastewater removal.…”