Biotransformation of polyphenols in a dynamic multistage gastrointestinal model

Ekbatan, Shima Sadeghi; Sleno, Lekha; Sabally, Kebba; Khairallah, Joelle; Azadi, Behnam; Rodes, Laetitia; Prakash, Satya; Donnelly, Danielle J.; Kubow, Stan

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.140

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…2.2.1. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) Analysis SCFA analysis was conducted by a gas chromatograph system equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) (6890A series, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) using an adapted method outlined by Ekbatan et al (2016) [43]. Briefly, 1 µL of 0.45 µm syringe filtered FW samples were directly injected into the GC-FID equipped with a fused capillary column (30 m × 250 µm ID × 0.25 µm film thickness; HP-INNOWAS, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).…”

Section: Fw Metabolite Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that regard, probiotic supplementation has shown the capacity to enhance production of SCFAs [12,41] and to help in restoring overall metabolic capacity through regulation of the microbiota [25,42]. Furthermore, such models have been previously utilized by our research group to study the effect of digestion on biotransformation of polyphenols and anthocyanins along with their effects on SCFA production and metabolite toxicity on intestinal cells [43,44]. In the context of CDI, GI models have been utilized to study the efficacy of various antibiotics and their effect on C. difficile toxicity and commensal microbial communities [45].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Probiotic Supplementation in a Clostridium difficile-Infected Gastrointestinal Model Is Associated with Restoring Metabolic Function of Microbiota

Gaisawat

MacPherson²,

Tremblay

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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Clostridium (C.) difficile-infection (CDI), a nosocomial gastrointestinal disorder, is of growing concern due to its rapid rise in recent years. Antibiotic therapy of CDI is associated with disrupted metabolic function and altered gut microbiota. The use of probiotics as an adjunct is being studied extensively due to their potential to modulate metabolic functions and the gut microbiota. In the present study, we assessed the ability of several single strain probiotics and a probiotic mixture to change the metabolic functions of normal and C. difficile-infected fecal samples. The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and ammonia was measured, and changes in microbial composition were assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The C. difficile-infection in fecal samples resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in SCFA and H 2 S production, with a lower microbial alpha diversity. All probiotic treatments were associated with significantly increased (p < 0.05) levels of SCFAs and restored H 2 S levels. Probiotics showed no effect on microbial composition of either normal or C. difficile-infected fecal samples. These findings indicate that probiotics may be useful to improve the metabolic dysregulation associated with C. difficile infection.Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that impart beneficial effects on the host when given in adequate quantities [11], have shown beneficial effects in the GI tract such as improving metabolic function [12][13][14][15], counteracting infections [16][17][18], regulating immune function, decreasing GI disorder symptoms [16,[19][20][21], and potentially lowering the risk of developing colon cancer [22]. Most of the probiotics utilized to date are usually from the Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, and yeast (Saccharomyces) groups. The efficacy and proposed mechanisms of action of these microbes in regulating intestinal microbiota functions are generally strain-specific. Some probiotic strains are thought to produce antimicrobial metabolites such as bacteriocins, to lower the pH by generating hydrogen peroxide and SCFAs, or to restrict pathogenic growth by competing for essential nutrients and adherence onto the gut mucosal barrier [18,[23][24][25][26][27]. Several probiotics may reduce CDI-associated diarrhea and prevent primary CDI formation using some of the abovementioned mechanisms, but perhaps predominantly by inhibiting the adhesion of C. difficile in the intestine [28,29]. In the case of Saccharomyces (S.) boulardii, the mechanism was shown to involve the proteolytic hydrolysis of the CD enterotoxins A and B [30]. Although the Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus GG strain and S. boulardii have been studied the most in the context of CDI-associated diarrhea [9,31], several other strains such as Bifidobacterium (B.) longum and L. acidophilus CL1285 have also shown efficacy against antibiotic-associated diarrhea [32][33][34][35]. Furthermore, strains such as L. plantarum 299v have been shown to enhance microbial function in CDI patients recei...

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Section: Fw Metabolite Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Supplementation in a Clostridium difficile-Infected Gastrointestinal Model Is Associated with Restoring Metabolic Function of Microbiota

Gaisawat

MacPherson²,

Tremblay

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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“…It has been estimated that about 90% of the dietary polyphenols are not absorbed by the small intestine and are accumulated in the colon where they are subjected to metabolism by GI microbial into phenolic acids, which are then readily absorbed [11,12]. Recent evidence revealed that some of these biologically available phenolic acids, such as caffeic acid and ferulic acid [13–16] are bioactive in inhibiting the generation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, a key pathogenic feature of AD [8], as well as in suppressing the elevated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that are observed in AD as well as in other neurodegenerative disorders [9,10]. Moreover, our recent evidence revealed that other biologically available, GI microbiota-derived phenolic acids, such as 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3´-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, are bioactive in interfering with the misfolding of Aβ peptides into neurotoxic Aβ aggregates that play key roles in AD pathogenesis [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective roles of intestinal microbiota derived short chain fatty acids in Alzheimer’s disease-type beta-amyloid neuropathological mechanisms

Ono

Tsuji

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

255

166

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Background Dietary fibers are metabolized by gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We investigated the potential role of these SCFAs in β-amyloid (Aß) mediated pathological processes that play key roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Research design and methods Multiple complementary assays were used to investigate individual SCFAs for their dose-responsive effects in interfering with the assembly of Aß1-40 and Aß1-42 peptides into soluble neurotoxic Aß aggregates. Results We found that several select SCFAs are capable of potently inhibiting Aß aggregations, in vitro. Conclusion Our studies support the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota may help protect against AD, in part, by supporting the generation of select SCFAs, which interfere with the formation of toxic soluble Aß aggregates.

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“…FA is readily and rapidly metabolized by the gut microflora to generate simpler absorbable phenolic compounds [43] including dihydroferulic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid [44]. Indeed, it is the activity of these smaller polyphenols that are believed to elicit the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects on the host [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferulic Acid Produced by Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 Reduces Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Drosophila melanogaster

Westfall¹,

Lomis²,

Singh³

et al. 2016

J Microb Biochem Technol

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Biotransformation of polyphenols in a dynamic multistage gastrointestinal model

Cited by 66 publications

References 36 publications

Probiotic Supplementation in a Clostridium difficile-Infected Gastrointestinal Model Is Associated with Restoring Metabolic Function of Microbiota

Probiotic Supplementation in a Clostridium difficile-Infected Gastrointestinal Model Is Associated with Restoring Metabolic Function of Microbiota

Protective roles of intestinal microbiota derived short chain fatty acids in Alzheimer’s disease-type beta-amyloid neuropathological mechanisms

Ferulic Acid Produced by Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 Reduces Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Drosophila melanogaster

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