Biotransformation of ginsenoside using covalently immobilized snailase enzyme onto activated carrageenan gel beads

Abstract

Ginsenoside transformation has received significant attention from scientists. The main objective of this study is to use immobilized enzymes in ginsenoside transformation. Factors affecting immobilization process were studied; carrageenan beads treated with polyethyleneimine and then activated using glutaraldehyde (GA) were used for snailase enzyme immobilization. The functionalized gel beads were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to verify the modification process. Furthermore, the optimum conditions for biotransformation of ginsenoside were also deliberated and showed that optimum biotransformation pH is 4.5 and 5-5.5 and temperature 50 and 60 • C for free and immobilized snailase, respectively. Michaelis constants, K m and V max , were also studied. The immobilized enzyme retains 96% of its initial activity after being used 10 consecutive times. The results clearly suggested that ginsenoside transformation was performed using immobilized snailase; this process can reduce the transformation cost as the enzyme can be reused many times.

Covalent immobilization of β-galactosidase using a novel carrier alginate/tea waste: statistical optimization of beads modification and reusability

“…Also it contain a peak at 1634 cm −1 that related to (–C=N–) bond that is formed during Schiff base interaction between amine groups of the enzyme and the aldehyde groups of the GA that found on the gel beads surface. These results were in agreement with the results obtained by other published results [ 32 , 33 ].

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Impact of immobilization technology in industrial and pharmaceutical applications

“…The immobilization technology is a common technique that used mainly to reduce lost of enzymes during the process by reusing enzymes many times that means economic benefits (Eman et al 2017). In this technology, the enzyme is linked in/on a polymeric matrix in the form of beads, film or membrane, in such a manner that the enzyme cannot be lost into reaction solution (Mohy Eldin et al 2012;Hassan et al 2019). Immobilized enzyme technology also facilitates the downstream processing as it can be separated easily from the reaction by filtration.…”