Biotransformation Approaches To Alleviate the Effects Induced byFusariumMycotoxins in Swine

Abstract

Mycotoxin mitigation is of major interest as ingestion of mycotoxins results in poor animal health, decreased productivity, as well as substantial economic losses. A feed additive (FA) consisting of a combination of bacteria (Eubacterium BBSH797) and enzyme (fumonisin esterase FumD) was tested in pigs for its ability to neutralize the effects of mono- and co-contaminated diets with deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FB) on hematology, biochemistry, tissue morphology, and immune response. Forty-eight animals, allocated into eight groups, received one of eight diets for 35 days: a control diet, a diet contaminated with either DON (3 mg/kg) or FB (6 mg/kg), or both toxins, and the same four diets with FA. Inclusion of FA restored the circulating number of neutrophils of piglets fed the FB and DON + FB diets. Similarly, FA counteracted the minor changes observed on plasma concentrations of albumin and creatinine. In lung, the lesions induced by the ingestion of FB in mono- and co-contaminated diets were no longer observed after addition of FA in these diets. Lesions recorded in the liver of pigs fed either of the contaminated diets with FA were partly reduced, and the increased hepatocyte proliferation was totally neutralized when FA was present in the co-contaminated diet. After 35 days of exposure, the development of the vaccinal response was significantly improved in animals fed diets supplemented with FA, as shown by results of lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine expression in spleen, and the production of specific Ig. Similarly, in jejunum of animals fed diets with FA, occurrence of lesions and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines were much less obvious. The ameliorative effects provided by FA suggest that this approach would be suitable in the control of DON and FB that commonly co-occur in feed.

Effects and biotransformation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in growing pigs fed with naturally contaminated pelleted grains with and without the addition of Coriobacteriaceum DSM 11798

“…Rather few in vivo studies in pigs have investigated the efficacy of the stabilised DSM 11798 strain (European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2005; 2013; Plank et al 2009). Other studies made use of commercial, mixed feed additives, which contained a combination of DSM 11798 (as BBSH 797), patented specific enzymes and other components (Cheng et al 2006;Grenier et al 2013).…”

Co-Occurrence of Regulated, Masked and Emerging Mycotoxins and Secondary Metabolites in Finished Feed and Maize—An Extensive Survey

“…These included reduced weight gain in pigs (DON and fumonisin B1) [45] and adverse effects on broiler chicks [19]. Sensitivity to DON, even at low dosages, and overall toxicity is determined by co-occurring compounds, such as FUM, present in feed [46]. Synergistic effects at concentrations close to EU guidance levels have been reported to impact antioxidant activity of cells [47].…”

Deoxynivalenol in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Immature Gilts under per os Toxin Application

“…, mycotoxins, and their subsequent transfer to feed and food [6,7]. A major problem associated with animal feed contaminated with mycotoxins is not acute disease, but rather the ingestion of low levels of toxins, which may cause an array of metabolic, physiologic and immunologic disturbances [8,9,10]. Major Fusarium toxins found under the climatic conditions of Poland are deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin and fumonisins detected in cereals during plant growth and vegetation [5,6,11,12].…”