Biotic pressures and environmental heterogeneity shape beta‐diversity of seedling communities in tropical montane forests

Abstract

Many theories have been proposed to explain the high diversity of plants in the tropics. However, we lack an understanding of the processes that drive plant diversity and community assembly at different spatial scales. Here, we applied beta-diversity partitioning to test how biotic and abiotic factors are associated with seedling beta-diversity in a tropical montane forest in southern Ecuador. We recorded seedling communities on 81 subplots in nine plots located at three elevations along a 2000 m elevational gradient. We measured biotic pressures (i.e. herbivory and fungal pathogen attacks) and environmental conditions (i.e. soil moisture and canopy closure) in all subplots and related them to species turnover and richness differences in seedling communities within and between elevations. We found that species turnover increased with differences in biotic dissimilarity within elevations, while differences in species richness within elevations increased with increasing environmental dissimilarity. Between elevations, species turnover increased with increasing environmental dissimilarity. Our findings show that species turnover and changes in species richness are related differently to abiotic and biotic factors, and that the importance of these factors for shaping seedling diversity is scale-dependent. Our study contributes to better understand the processes driving seedling beta-diversity and the assembly of plant communities in highly diverse tropical montane forests.

Global taxonomic and functional patterns in invertebrate assemblages from rocky-intertidal mussel beds

“…As the datasets available for this study were originally collected for different purposes, the environmental range covered by each survey differed to some extent. This is worthy of consideration because, in rocky intertidal habitats, physiological stress varies across elevations and hydrodynamic physical stress varies horizontally along the shore 32 – 34 , and species richness often increases with environmental heterogeneity 35 – 37 . The Washington survey covered the most heterogeneous environmental range, spanning low to high elevations and wave-exposed to more sheltered habitats 38 (see also Supplementary Note ).…”

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants together shape seedling diversity in a subtropical forest

“…It is worth noting that altitudinal gradients in our study sites were small, but there was some contribution of topography (i.e., elevation and convexity) to seedling diversity. This phenomenon can be attributed to changes in species richness associated with environmental dissimilarity along the altitudinal gradient (Barczyk et al, 2023). In addition, changes in elevation can also lead to changes in seedling species composition due to the distribution of adult species along slopes (Xu et al, 2019).…”