Biotic and Abiotic Conditions in Michigan Prairie Fen Invaded by Glossy Buckthorn (<i>Frangula alnus</i>)

Fiedler, Anna K.; Landis, Douglas A.

doi:10.3375/043.032.0106

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Herbaceous richness significantly declines at medium and high extents of encroachment as local environments become increasingly modified. Impacts on the herbaceous flora range from lowering the overall abundance of herbaceous plants (Fiedler & Landis, 2012), functional turnover and reduced diversity (Pilon et al, 2021), to causing localised extinctions (Abreu & Durigan, 2011). Furthermore, according to the studies compiled, medium to high encroachment changes soil nutrients, often altering the patterns of nitrogen fixation or decreasing pH (Kinnebrew et al, 2020; Zehnder et al, 2020), and persistently decreases ground layer light availability (Taylor et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encroachment diminishes herbaceous plant diversity in grassy ecosystems worldwide

Wieczorkowski

Lehmann

2022

Global Change Biology

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Woody encroachment is ubiquitous in grassy ecosystems worldwide, but its global impacts on the diversity of herbaceous plants that characterise and define these ecosystems remain unquantified. The pervasiveness of encroachment is relatively easily observed via remote sensing, but its impacts on plant diversity and richness below the canopy can only be observed via field‐based studies. Via a meta‐analysis of 42 field studies across tropical to temperate grassy ecosystems, we quantified how encroachment altered herbaceous species richness, and the richness of forbs, C3 graminoids and C4 graminoids. Across studies, the natural logarithm of the response ratio (lnRR) of herbaceous species richness ranged from −3.33 to 0.34 with 87% of encroached ecosystems negatively impacted. Assessment of the extent of encroachment, duration of encroachment, mean annual rainfall, latitude, and continent demonstrated that only extent of encroachment had relevance in the data (univariate model including a random effect of study explained 45.4% of variance). The global weighted mean lnRR of species richness decreased from −0.245 at <33% of woody cover increase, to −0.562 at 33%–66%, and to −0.962 at >66%. Continued encroachment results in substantial loss of herbaceous diversity at medium and high extents, with a loss of richness that is not replaced. Although all functional groups are significantly negatively impacted by encroachment, forb richness is relatively more sensitive than graminoid richness, and C4 graminoid richness relatively more than C3 graminoid richness. Although no geographic or climatic correlates had relevance in the data, encroachment as an emergent product of global change coalesces to decrease ground layer light availability, lead to loss of fire and grazers, and alter hydrology and soils. Encroachment is accelerating and grassy ecosystems require urgent attention to determine critical woody cover thresholds that facilitate diverse and resilient grassy ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encroachment diminishes herbaceous plant diversity in grassy ecosystems worldwide

Wieczorkowski

Lehmann

2022

Global Change Biology

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“…alnus (9 outliers, Table 2), with the number and strength of SNP-climate associations differing among geographical scales (Table 2). Drought stress induced by different temperature and precipitation regimes may indeed facilitate selection of specific genetic variants, as the species naturally occurs across a variety of soil moisture levels, ranging from ephemeral to wet ecosystems (personal observations; Godwin, 1943;Fiedler and Landis, 2012; see also Zang et al, 2014). Interestingly, whereas most SNP-climate associations at the continental scale involved precipitation (25.68% SNP-precipitation associations vs 9.30% SNPtemperature associations, Figure 5), the most significant associations involved temperature (mean |z|-score of 7.844 and R 2 adj of 12.24%, Figures 5 and 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fruits of the species are dispersed by birds and water which may transfer alleles over large distances (Hampe, 2004;. F. alnus grows on soils with diverse humidity levels, varying from relatively dry sandy soils over ditches and wet forest edges to wetlands (Godwin, 1943;Hampe et al, 2003;Fiedler and Landis, 2012).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The population genomic signature of environmental selection in the widespread insect-pollinated tree species Frangula alnus at different geographical scales

Kort¹,

Vandepitte²,

Mergeay³

et al. 2015

Heredity

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The evaluation of the molecular signatures of selection in species lacking an available closely related reference genome remains challenging, yet it may provide valuable fundamental insights into the capacity of populations to respond to environmental cues. We screened 25 native populations of the tree species Frangula alnus subsp. alnus (Rhamnaceae), covering three different geographical scales, for 183 annotated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Standard population genomic outlier screens were combined with individual-based and multivariate landscape genomic approaches to examine the strength of selection relative to neutral processes in shaping genomic variation, and to identify the main environmental agents driving selection. Our results demonstrate a more distinct signature of selection with increasing geographical distance, as indicated by the proportion of SNPs (i) showing exceptional patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation (outliers) and (ii) associated with climate. Both temperature and precipitation have an important role as selective agents in shaping adaptive genomic differentiation in F. alnus subsp. alnus, although their relative importance differed among spatial scales. At the 'intermediate' and 'regional' scales, where limited genetic clustering and high population diversity were observed, some indications of natural selection may suggest a major role for gene flow in safeguarding adaptability. High genetic diversity at loci under selection in particular, indicated considerable adaptive potential, which may nevertheless be compromised by the combined effects of climate change and habitat fragmentation.

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“…Ecological processes rely heavily on plant establishment, vegetative regimes are used to define ecosystems, and vegetation is relatively simple to assess; as such, plant diversity is a commonly used proxy for overall biodiversity and health of an ecosystem (Tilman et al 1997;Young 2000;Ruiz-Jaén and Aide 2005;Tilman et al 2014). In Michigan, we have limited records of historical prairie fen plant biodiversity (e.g., Bassett 2004;Crancer 2011;Fiedler and Landis 2012), and no baseline diversity metrics are in place to assess change in these wetland systems. A comprehensive assessment of plant diversity in prairie fens is needed to provide a baseline of plant diversity metrics that can inform future evaluations of ecosystem threats (Spieles et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluating a sampling protocol for assessing plant diversity in prairie fens

Hackett

Monfils

2016

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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Prairie fens are globally vulnerable wetlands that are considered a conservation priority due to threats to their high biodiversity and hydrological functions. Establishing a thorough and repeatable plant sampling protocol is critical to evaluating conservation and management initiatives. Our goal was to evaluate a sample methodology designed to assess prairie fen plant diversity and determine if it produced results (1) representative of site diversity, (2) comparable among fens, and (3) efficient to collect. Nineteen fens between 8.5 and 28.4 ha were surveyed twice within one growing season during 2012 and 2013 field seasons using an area-proportional, random design. The turnover in species between spring and summer sampling periods within a site ranged from 8 to 50 %. Sample coverage of total estimated plant species richness ranged from 84.8 to 95.0 % with a mean of 90.1 %. We compared results from our areaproportional, random design to simulated random samples of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 quadrats per site. No significant difference was found in sample coverage per fen when using sampling rates of 25, 30, or 35 quadrats per site versus the area-proportional design. Shannon's diversity index and floristic quality index differed by sample period and number of quadrats sampled per fen. Our sample design produced acceptable levels of coverage and facilitated comparisons across fens. Our methodology could be applied to future research, restoration monitoring, and conservation planning efforts in Midwestern prairie fens.

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Biotic and Abiotic Conditions in Michigan Prairie Fen Invaded by Glossy Buckthorn (Frangula alnus)

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Encroachment diminishes herbaceous plant diversity in grassy ecosystems worldwide

Encroachment diminishes herbaceous plant diversity in grassy ecosystems worldwide

The population genomic signature of environmental selection in the widespread insect-pollinated tree species Frangula alnus at different geographical scales

Evaluating a sampling protocol for assessing plant diversity in prairie fens

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