Biothermodynamics of Viruses from Absolute Zero (1950) to Virothermodynamics (2022)

Popovic, Marko

doi:10.3390/vaccines10122112

Cited by 26 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 191 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to the biosynthesis phenomenological equation, which belong to nonequilibrium thermodynamics, chemical reaction rate (multiplication of viruses and biosynthesis of the building blocks of the host cell) are proportional to Gibbs energy. Since the reactions are competitive, the reaction that is characterized by more negative Gibbs energy will occur [Popovic, 2022h]. There are three possible outcomes of the competition.…”

Section: Designing An Attenuated Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermodynamic factors are summarized by the Gibbs energy of biosynthesis [Westerhoff et al,1982;Hellingwerf et al, 1982;Demirel, 2014;von Stockar, 2013avon Stockar, , 2013bPopovic and Popovic, 2022;Popovic, 2022aPopovic, , 2022bPopovic, , 2022cPopovic, , 2022d. Thus, decreasing the Gibbs energy of biosynthesis could result in a decrease in biosynthesis rate (replication, transcription, translation) and self-assembly, leading to decrease in virulence and pathogenicity [Popovic, 2022h]. A strain characterized by low permissiveness and subsequently low virulence (and pathogenicity), could represent an attenuated strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a virus represents a well-defined open biothermodynamic system that performs biological and chemical processes, governed by natural laws [Popovic, 2022h, 2018avon Bertalanffy, 1950von Bertalanffy, , 1971. Virus multiplication is a result of chemical reactions [Popovic, 2022h]. It depends on the kinetic and thermodynamic factors [von Stockar, 2014;Minceva, 2020a, 2020b].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jones et al [2015] developed a model of the viral life cycle. Thermodynamic research on virus particles and processes performed by viruses is in progress [Popovic, 2022h]. Indeed, thermodynamics has a great potential for explaining the mechanisms of processes performed by microorganisms [von Stockar, 2013a[von Stockar, , 2013b, especially the mechanisms of interactions of viruses and their host cells [Popovic and Minceva, 2020a;Popovic, 2022L, 2022m, 2022n;Mahmoudabadi et al, 2017;Tzlil et al 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having in mind the current COVID-19 pandemic, it would be good to have a better understanding of susceptibility and permissiveness properties of SARS-CoV-2. These properties are key factors for virus attenuation, leading to development of a vaccine that could be both efficient and safe [Popovic, 2022h]. Hypothetically, attenuation of a virus is possible through change in susceptibility or permissiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Silver Bullet: A Safe and Efficient Attenuated Vaccine for Viral Diseases Based on Biothermodynamics

Popovic¹

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Live attenuated vaccines have through history proved themselves as safe and efficient. Pasteur has developed a vaccine against rabies, through a long process of passage of the virus wild type through rabbits. The result was one of the most efficient attenuated live-virus vaccines. This paper suggests a method based on calculations of biothermodynamic properties of potential tissues for vaccine application, predilected host tissue and virus wild type. Gibbs energy of biosynthesis represents the thermodynamic driving force for virus multiplication. The attenuated strain of the virus should possess Gibbs energy of biosynthesis, which is less negative than the predilected target tissue, but more negative than the vaccine portal tissue. In that way, the attenuated virus strain should be able to multiply in the vaccine portal of entry tissue and cause an immune response, making it efficient. On the other hand, the attenuated strain cannot multiply in the predilected host tissue, making it safe. The attenuation is achieved by adding a gene to the virus, which encodes a ballast protein. Production of the ballast protein would make virus multiplication less favorable, since it would require energy, but be useless to the virus.

show abstract

Section: Designing An Attenuated Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%