Biotherapeutic effects of probiotic bacteria on candidiasis in immunodeficient mice

Wagner, R. Doug; Pierson, C; Warner, Thomas F.; Dohnalek, M; Farmer, J; Roberts, L; Hilty, Milo D.; Balish, Edward

doi:10.1128/iai.65.10.4165-4172.1997

Cited by 158 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We used heat-killed bacteria to prevent bacterial overgrowth during the experiment and to avoid adverse effects by an eventual alteration of the media composition. Viable bacteria might induce a higher variety of immune responses, but heat-killed L. acidophilus and L. casei were also shown to exhibit the ability to suppress candidiasis in immunodeficient mice [43]. Therefore, probiotics do not necessarily have to be viable for efficient use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic lactobacilli and VSL#3 induce enterocyte β-defensin 2

Schlee

Harder

Köten³

et al. 2008

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

338

269

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SummaryRecent evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria may stabilize gut barrier function via induction of anti-microbial peptides such as defensins. This study aimed to elucidate the induction mechanism of the human beta defensin-2 (hBD-2) gene by different probiotic lactobacillus strains. The expression of hBD-2 mRNA peaked at 6 h of incubation upon treatment of Caco-2 cells and increased with higher dosage of various probiotic bacteria. Deletion of nuclear factor (NF)-kB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding sites on the hBD-2 promoter resulted in a complete abrogation of promoter activation by probiotics. As revealed by the use of specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors the hBD-2 induction was dependent on the MAPK extracellular regulated kinase (ERK 1/2), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), although to varying degrees. Several Lactobacillus strains and VSL#3, a probiotic cocktail of four lactobacilli, three bifidum and one streptococcus species, induced the secretion of the hBD-2 peptide into the culture media as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thus, the present study suggests that lactobacilli and the VSL#3 bacterial mixture strengthen intestinal barrier functions through the up-regulation of hBD-2 via induction of proinflammatory pathways including NF-kB and AP-1 as well as MAPKs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic lactobacilli and VSL#3 induce enterocyte β-defensin 2

Schlee

Harder

Köten³

et al. 2008

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

338

269

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…typhimurium, such as host immunomodulation (Hatcher and Lambrecht 1993). Wagner et al (1997) showed that of four probiotic bacterial species, B. animalis provided the best overall protection against mucosal and systemic candidiasis in immunodeficient mice. The probiotic apparently stimulated host resistance to candidiasis via thymus and mucosal tissue-associated lymphoid tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of bifidus milk on the experimental infection withSalmonella enteritidissubsp.typhimuriumin conventional and gnotobiotic mice

Silva¹,

Bambirra²,

Oliveira³

et al. 1999

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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The ability of Bifidobacterium bifidum from a commercial bifidus milk to antagonize Salmonella enteritidis subsp. typhimurium in vivo, and to reduce the pathological consequences for the host, was determined using conventional and gnotobiotic mice. Conventional animals received daily, by gavage, 0·1 ml bifidus milk containing about 109 cfu B. bifidum and germ‐free animals received a single 0·1 ml dose. The conventional and gnotobiotic groups were challenged orally with 102 cfu of the pathogenic bacteria 5 and/or 10 d after the beginning of treatment. Control groups were treated with milk. Bifidus milk protected both animal models against the challenge with the pathogenic bacteria, as demonstrated by survival and histopathological data. However, to obtain the protective effect in gnotobiotic animals, the treatment had to be initiated 10 d before the challenge. In experimental and control gnotobiotic mice, Salm. enteritidis subsp. typhimurium became similarly established at levels ranging from 108 to 109 viable cells g−1 of faeces and remained at these high levels until the animals died or were sacrificed. It was concluded that the protection against Salm. enteritidis subsp. typhimurium observed in conventional and gnotobiotic mice treated with bifidus milk was not due to the reduction of the intestinal populations of the pathogenic bacteria.

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“…50 These results were supported by Fitzsimmons and Berry [51], who found that nine of 12 strains of Lactobacilli could produce hydrogen peroxide, which inhibits C. albicans growth. Furthermore, in animal studies investigating the bio-therapeutic effect of probiotic bacteria on candidiasis, Wagner et al [52] found that L. acidophilus significantly reduced the incidence of systemic candidiasis in immunodeficient mice.…”

Section: Probiotic Therapy and Candida Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community lifestyle of Candida in mixed biofilms: a mini review

Thein

Seneviratne

Samaranayake

et al. 2009

Mycoses

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SummaryCandida is the most common human fungal pathogen that causes a variety of afflictions from superficial mucosal infections to deep mycoses. Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor of Candida, and more than 300 articles have been published on Candida biofilms over the past two decades. However, most of these data are on monospecies biofilms of Candida, and information on mixed-species Candida biofilms or bacteriaCandida combinations is still scarce. Yet, in nature, the yeast exist in a mixed milieu either in the oral cavity or in other habitats with a multitude of bacteria colonising mucosal surfaces within a shared community. This mini review describes the current knowledge on candidal-candidal or bacterial-candidal interactions in mixed-species biofilms. The underlying mechanisms of these interactions appear to depend on several factors relating to biofilm development, such as species and strains of organisms, nutritional factors, aerobiosis and related environmental factors. Although the fundamental nature of these interactions appears to be commensalism and antagonism, the emerging evidence based on novel molecular, proteomic and imaging tools indicates these biological mechanisms to be far more complex than hitherto recognised. Demystifying the mechanisms underlying the growth and development of mixed-species communities involving Candida will undoubtedly yield useful data for the effective management of microbial infections in general.

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Biotherapeutic effects of probiotic bacteria on candidiasis in immunodeficient mice

Cited by 158 publications

References 34 publications

Probiotic lactobacilli and VSL#3 induce enterocyte β-defensin 2

Probiotic lactobacilli and VSL#3 induce enterocyte β-defensin 2

Protective effect of bifidus milk on the experimental infection withSalmonella enteritidissubsp.typhimuriumin conventional and gnotobiotic mice

Community lifestyle of Candida in mixed biofilms: a mini review

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